译林牛津高一英语必修一定语从句关系代词-关系副词的讲解与专练(导学案无答案)

1定语从句的讲解一．语法术语及基本概念：(1).先行词:被定语从句所修饰的那个词。(2).关系代词/关系副词:用来引导定语从句的关联词。(3).定语从句:用一个句子来修饰一个词时，我们称这个句子为定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的那个词叫先行词。定语从句由关系代词who,whom,whose,that,which以及关系副词when,where,why来引导，定语从句一般位于先行词之后。二．关系代词的用法（一）who,which,whom,that,whose的用法(1)先行词是_____，关系代词在定语从句中做_______时，用_____或_____来引导。e.g.Doyouknowtheman___________isstandingoverthere?Thegirl______tookyoutomyplaceismyfriend.(2).先行词是_____，关系代词在定语从句中做_____时，用____,____或____来引导。做宾语时，____跟_______可以互换，在介词后面必须用______，不能用____，也不能用______。Theboy________________wesawyesterdayisMr.Wang’sson.Theoldman_____________Ioftengotothefilmswithismygrandfather.(3).先行词是________，关系代词在定语从句中做______时，用_____,______来引导Heisnottheperson__________heusedtobe.(4).先行词是_______，关系代词在定语从句中做_______时，用______或______来引导。e.g.Thetrain_______hasjustleftisforGuangzhou.Theearthquake_______happenedin1906wasthebiggestinAmericanhistory.(5).先行词是____，关系代词在定语从句中做____时，用_____或____来引导。e.g.Thebird______wecaughttheotherdayflewawayyesterday.Thepen____IamwritingwithwasboughtintheShoppingCenter.（6）．关系代词____的用法：关系代词______意思是“谁的”，“什么的”；它是who和which的所有格形式，它可以用来引导定语从句，并且在定语从句中做定语，修饰从句的_____或_______。e.g.Thisisthehouse______doorfaceseast.You’retheonlyone_____advicehemightlistento.关系代词指代定语从句中的成分whowhomthatwhichwhose2（二）关系代词的省略关系代词在做宾语，表语时可以省略。称_______Eg:Ihavebeentothecitytwice_________youjustvisited.Afterascoreofyears,Johnsonisnotthenaughtyboy______heusedtobe.（三）that和which的区别在定语从句中，当先行词是物时，引导词that和which常常可以通用，但以下几种情况需注意。注意1只宜于用which，不用that的情况。(1)先行词为that，those时。What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk?在桌子底下的那个是什么？(2)引导词（关系代词）前有介词时。Thisistheroominwhichhelives.这是他居住的房间。注意2只宜于用that，不用which的情况。(1)先行词是形容词最高级或者它的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。ThefilmisthemostinterestingthatIhaveeverseen.这部电影是我看过的最有趣的一部。Englishisthemostdifficultsubjectthatyouwilllearnduringtheseyears.英语会是这些年你学的最难的科目。(2)先行词是序数词或它的前面有last或序数词修饰时。It’sthefirstfilmthatIsawthisyear.这是我今年看的第一部电影。Tomisalwaysthefirstthatcomestotheclassroom.Tom总是第一个到3教室的人。(3)主句以疑问词who，which开头时，不用which或who，以避免重复。Whichisthebikethatyoulost?哪辆是你丢的自行车？(4)先行词既有人又有物时。Theyaretaikingaboutthesutdentsandtheschoolthattheyvisitedyesterday.他们正在谈论昨天访问的学生和学校。(5)先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等代词时。Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.你应该把你有的所有上交。Wehaven’tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.我们没有太多能提供给你。Isthisschooltheonethatwearegoingtovisittomorrow?这所学校是我们明天要参观的那个吗？Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuy?你有什么想要买的东西吗？(6)先行词前有theonly,thesame,thevery等词修饰时。Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.我们能做的唯一的事就是给你一些钱。二．“介词+关系代词”的用法（一）：介词的位置1.ThisisthestudentwhomIboughtabookfor.=42.ThisistheshipwhichIwenttoShanghaiby=（二）练习题1.Doyouknowwholivesinthebuilding______thereisawell?A.infrontofitB.infrontofwhoseC.infrontofwhichD.infrontwhich2.I’llneverforgettheday____IjoinedtheLeague.A.onwhichB.inwhichC.whichD.atwhich3.Thewoman_____mybrotherspokejustnowismyteacher.A.whoB.towhomC.towhoDwhom4.TheSecondWorldWar_____millionsofpeoplewerekilledin1945.A.duringwhichB.inthatC.whereD.onwhich5.Thespeed____whichyoudriveyourcarmustn’ttoohigh.三．关系副词的用法当引导定语从句的关系词在从句中用作时间，地点，原因，方式状语时，应使用关系副词when,where,why或”介词+which”.关系副词的作用如下：指代表示时间，地点，原因的先行词；在从句中充当句子成分-状语；起连接作用，把先行词跟定语从句连接起来。(一)when引导定语从句的用法1.当先行词是表示时间的名词（如time,day,year,month,week等），且关系词在从句中作时间状语时，定语从句用when引导2.When可以换成“介词+which”5Istillrememberthetime(=inwhich)Iwasincollege.Ihaveforgottentheexactdatewhen(=onwhich)thiscountrybecameindependent.[特别提醒：Doyourememberthedaysthat/whichwespenttogetheronthefarm?]（二）where引导定语从句的用法1.当先行词是表示地点的名词（如place,room,mountain,airport等），且关系词在从句中作地点状语时，定语从句用wherer引导。2.Where可以换成“介词+which”Thisisthehotelwhere(=inwhich)theystayed.特别注意:(1)如果先行词为表示抽象地点的名词（如case,condition,situation，atmosphere)A.Wehavereachedapointwhereachangeisneeded.B.Hegetsintoasituationwhereitishardtodecidewhatisrightorwrong.C.Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmospherewherehisemployeesenjoytheirwork.（三）why引导定语从句的用法1.当先行词是表示原因的名词reason,且引导词在从句中作原因状语时，定语从句用why引导，且只能引导限制性定语从句。2.Why可以用forwhich来代替。6Thisisthereasonwhy(=forwhich)heleftinahurry