定语从句中关系代词和关系副词使用的区别在句子中作定语,修饰名词或代词的从句。这种从句由关系代词或关系副词引导,并作句子成分。定语从句还叫做嵌入句,因形容词定语,所以又称之为形容词性从句。定语从句的位置:通常在先行词(在主句中)后。定语从句的引导词关系代词关系副词指人指物who(主语、宾语),whom(宾语),that(主语、宾语),whose(定语)that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语)whose(定语)where(地点状语)when(时间状语)why(原因状语)如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词一1、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全用关系副词。用什么关系副词看先行词。Iwillneverforgetthedays(______Istayedwithyou).when____JurassicParkisaboutapark______(averyrichmankeepsdifferentKindsofdinosaurs).___________where1958wastheyear______(Spielbergmadehisfirstrealfilm).__________Pleasegivemethereason_____(youmadesuchagreatsuccess).________whenwhyMorningisthebesttime______(youpractisereadingaloud)._________whenDoyourememberthelake_____(youfirstmetyourgirlfriend.)___________where2、如定语从句中缺宾语,确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物动词,如是,用关系代词,如不是,用关系副词。Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehouse______(thegreatwriterusedtolive)._______whereinwhichThehouse______(theybuiltin1987)stayedupintheearthquake.which/that______Luckilynoneofthepeople_____(Iknow)werekilledintheearthquake.whowhomthat/_____Myfatherwasbornintheyear______(theSecondWorldWarbrokeout)._________________________inwhichwhen3、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构,有主语,则用关系副词。可以归到第一条Kunmingisabeautifulplace______(flowersareseenalltheyearround).whereOctober1stistheday________(newChinawasfounded).whenThewindow(______wasopenedthismorning)hasbeenbroken.whichthatThemeeting(______willbeheldnextweek)isveryimportant.whichthat定语从句中关系副词的使用二1.定语从句中关系副词有:when,where,why2.关系副词在定语从句中所作的成份:关系副词在定语从句中都作状语。when作时间状语;where作地点状语;why作原因状语。如:Herememberthedaywhenhisfatherdied.IwentbacktotheplacewhereIwasbornandgrewup.Pleasegivemethereasonwhyyouwerelatethistime.when作时间状语,意为onthedaywhere作地点状语,意为intheplacewhy作原因状语,意为forthereason3.并非先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词时都用when,where,why,若先行词在定语从句中不作状语,而是作主语或宾语,就必须用which或that。如:Weoftenthinkofthedayswhichwespenttogetherinthecountryside.which在定语从句中作宾语比较:Weoftenthinkofthedayswhenweworkedtogetherinthecountryside.when在定语从句中作时间状语,相当于onthedays。Webelievethereasonthathetoldus.比较:Thereasonwhy/forwhichhewasabsentyesterdayisstillunknown.Thisisthehouse(which/that)heusedtolivein.Thisisthehouseinwhich/whereheusedtolive.Iknowofaplace(which/that)wecanswimin.Iknowofaplaceinwhich/wherewecanswim.关系副词where(1)Thisisthefactory________Ivisitedlastyear.(2)Thisisthefactory_______Iworkedlastyear.(3)Thisisthefactory_______producesallkindsofTVsets.A.whereB.whichC.whomD.whose(1)和(3)选B.which。(2)选A.where。做这种题时,要看先行词与定语从句中谓语动词之间的关系;(1)中是动宾关系,即Ivisitedthefactory,因此选which。(2)中factory应在定语从句中作地点状语,即:Iworkedinthefactory,因此选where。(3)中是作定语从句中的主语,不作地点状语,因此选which。They’llneverforgetJuly1_____HongKongreturnedtoitsmotherland.Thedays______weusedforeignoilaregoneforever.when=onwhichwhen=onwhich关系副词when试比较:Doyoustillremembertheday___________wespenthappilytogether?Doyoustillremembertheday______wespentourholidayhappilytogether?Doyoustillremembertheday______wewenttovisittheSummerPalace?(which/that)whenwhen(4)Iwillneverforgettheday_______wespenttogether.(5)Iwillneverforgettheday___weworkedtogether.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.what(4)选A.which。(5)选B.whenwhy在定语从句中作原因状语,相当于“介词for+关系代词(which)”。如:Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslate?Itrainedheavily,forwhichhewaslatefortheclass.关系副词why•关系副词when,where,why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如:when=in/on/at/during…+which,where=in/on/at…+which,why=for+which总结介词的位置三•介词的位置非常灵活,有时放在关系代词之前,有时放在动词之后。•eg.1.Iwon’tforgetthedatewhen(onwhich)Iwasborn.•2.Thisistheroomwhere(inwhich)Ilived.=ThisistheroomwhichIlivedin.•3.Idon’tknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)hehaven’tcometoday.•4.Tomstillremembersthedayswhen(inwhich)theylivedinTianjin.关系代词的省略(口语中)四介词后置时,关系代词还可以省去,特别是在口语中。如:Doyouknowtheboy(that)shewastalkingto?Thepencil(which/that)hewaswritingwithsuddenlybroke.是否所有的介词+关系代词都能用关系副词代替?五Thepainting(__________Ilooked)waspaintedbyme.atwhichThebook(______________Iheard)waswrittentwentyyearsago.aboutwhichThepen(____________shewrotethatbook)cannowbeseeninamuseum.withwhichKunmingisabeautifulplace_____________(flowersareseenalltheyearround).where/inwhichIwillneverforgottheday_____________Ifirstmetyouontheship.onwhich/whenduringwhichThefilm(_____________Ifellasleep)wasveryboring.结论:只有当介词+关系代词充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语时,才能用关系副词代替。找准定语从句的先行词六定语从句必须有先行词,否则就不是定语从句。误:Isthisfarmwevisitedlastweek?该句中定语从句就缺少先行词,将句子还原为陈述句:Thisfarmis________wevisitedlastweek.显然应加上theone作先行词。正:Isthisfarmtheonewevisitedlastweek?当然,这句话改为下面这种形式也是正确的:Isthisthefarmwevisitedlastweek?(6)Isthislibrary________youoftenreadin?(7)Isthisthelibrary_______youoftenreadin?A.theoneB.inwhichC.whereD.which(6)选A.theone。(7)选D.which。做这种题时,应该先把原句子变为陈述句:(6)为:Thislibraryis_________youoftenreadin.此句缺先行词,需要加上,因此选A.theone。(7)为:Thisisthelibrary_______youoftenreadin.此题关系词作readin的宾语,故选D.which。(8)Thisisthereason________hewasabsent.(9)Thisisthereason_______canexplainhisabsence.A.whichB.whyC.whenD.inwhich(8)选B.why,相当于forwhich,作原因状语。(9)选A.which,在定语从句中作主语。介词的选用原则七preposition+relativepronouns1.Thepersonwhom/who/thatyoushouldwritetoisMr.Ball.2.Thepenwhichheiswritingwithnowwasboughtyesterday.3.Thegaswhichwecannotlivewithoutiscalledoxygen.Thepen_________heiswritingnowwasboughtyesterday.Thegas___________wecannotliveiscalledoxygenTheperson