人教版初中英语语法-被动语态

中考语法精讲——被动语态我吃了一个苹果，那现在苹果怎样了？苹果被…苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的被字句，英语中的“被字句”我们称之为被动语态。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态WespeakEnglish.主语谓语宾语主动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。谓语speak的动作是由主语we执行的，即主语是是谓语动词所表示动作的执行者。两种语态Englishisspokenbymanypeople.主语谓语宾语被动语态主语English是谓语动词speak所表示的动作的承受者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.我们每天打扫教室。主动语态Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.我们的教室每天被打扫。被动语态英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。二、被动语态的基本构成：be+动词的过去分词（be+done)be随着人称，时态和数的变化而变化1）.一般现在时am/is/are+done•Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.•Theclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.•Heputonacoat.•Acoatwasputonbyhim.2）.一般过去时was/were+doneHemadethekite.Thekitewasmadebyhim.3）.一般将来时shall/will/begoingto+bedone•Theywillplanttreestomorrow.•Treeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrow•Heisgoingtowritealettertohismother.•Aletterisgoingtobewrittentohismotherbyhim.4）.现在完成时has/have+beendone•Jimhasfinishedthework.•TheworkhasbeenfinishedbyJim.5）.含有情态动词的被动语态•can/may/must/should+bedone•Icanfindhim.•Hecanbefoundbyme.三、被动语态的用法1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。Thewindoewasbrokenlastnight.RiceisgrowninthesouthofChina.Manytreesshouldbeplantedeveryyear.每年都应该种更多的树。2.强调或突出动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。世界上越来越多的人说汉语。Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.•3.动作不是由人发出的。许多房屋被冲走了。Manyhouseswerewashedawaybytheflood.四、主动语态变被动语态的方法WespeakEnglish.主语谓语宾语Englishisspokenbyus.主语谓语宾语宾变主,主变宾,前加by主动语态被动语态1.Tombrokethewindow.ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.2.Hebrokethewindows.Thewindowswerebrokenbyhim.Be要随着主语变逻辑主语by来引Exercise:Heridesthemotorbiketohisfactoryeveryday.Themotorbikeisriddentohisfactoryeveryday.Exercise:WecallthesnowmanMr.Strong.ThesnowmaniscalledMr.Strong.Exercise:Heboughtsomefruitsyesterday.Somefruitswereboughtyesterday.主动语态变被动语态的方法•（主语）（宾语）•主动语态：动作的执行者+谓语动词的主动形式+动作的承受者•被动语态：动作的承受者+谓语动词的被动形式+动作的执行者•（主语）（宾语）•说明：•（1）要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语为人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。•（2）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变宾格，并由by引导。•（3)谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。•主动语态中，使役动词（make,let,have）,感官动词（see,hear,watch,feel,notice）后面跟省略to的不定式，变为被动语态时，要加上不定式符号to.•Isawhimopenthedoorjustnow.刚才我看见他进屋了（主动语态）•Hewasseentoopenthedoorjustnow.补充部分2.主动结构表被动意义①open,lock,write,read,sell,wash,cut,drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可以用主动语态表被动意义。Thiskindofshirtsellswell.Thepenwritessmoothly.•②cost,fit,agreewith(气候，食物等适合于）使用主动表被动。•Thebookcostsmetwentyyuan.•3.系动词没有被动形式look,sound,taste,smell,feel等系动词用主动表被动意义。•例：Itsmellswonderful.•Mooncakestastedelicious.3.在beworthdoing中,doing表被动意义。例：Thisbookisworthreading.•4.want/need/require+doing=want/need/require+tobedone例：Mybikeneedsrepairing.•=Mybikeneedstoberepaired.•我的自行车需要修理。•happen,takeplace,breakout,have,belongto.课堂练习（一）改写句子1.Weplanttreesinspringeveryyear._________________byusinspringeveryyear.2.Shepostedtheletteryesterday.____________________byheryesterday.3.MrTurnergavemeabirthdaypresent._______________abirthdaypresentbyMrTurner.5.Youmayhandinyourhomeworktomorrow.______________________________byyoutomorrow.6.Sheisgoingtowritealetter.__________________________byher.TreesareplantedTheletterwaspostedIwasgivenYourhomeworkmaybehandedinAletterisgoingtobewritten1.Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing，people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner．A．arenotkept；willhavetoB．arenotkept；haveC．donotkeep；willhavetoD．donotkeep；haveto2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,____andperfectednow.A.developedB.havedevelopedC.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped3.---____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff．---Yes，italldependsontheweather．A．I'vebeentoldB．I'vetoldC．I'mtoldD．ItoldACA4.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection___.A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted5.Rainforests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut6.Thenewbridge___bytheendoflastmonth.A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesigned7.Whenpartofapencilisinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.wasbrokenD.hadbeenbrokenDCBC8.Greatchanges___inthecity,andalotoffactories___.A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetupC.havetakenplace;havesetupD.weretakenplace;weresetup9.Thatsuit__over60dollars.A.hadcostedB.costedC.iscostedD.cost10.---Look!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.---What’stheprettysmallhousethat__for?A.isbeingbuiltB.hasbeenbuiltC.isbuiltD.isbuilding11.---Doyoulikethecloth?---Yes,it___verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfeltBDAC12.Itisdifficultforaforeigner____Chinese．A．writeB．towriteC．tobewrittenD．written13.Ihavenomoreletters____，thankyou．A．totypeB．typingC．tobetypedD．typed14.Takecare!Don’tdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit__easily.A.won’twashoutB.won’tbewashedoutC.isn’twashedoutD.isn’twashingout15.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto___.A.beputupB.giveinC.beturnedonD.gooutBCAD16.Thecomputersonthetable___ProfessorSmith.A.belongsB.arebelongedtoC.belongstoD.belongto17.---Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?---Oh,excellent.It’sworth___asecondtime.A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread18.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed___.A.catchingB.tobecaughtC.beingcaughtD.tocatch19.Thispageneeded___again.A.beingcheckedB.checkedC.tocheckD.tobechecked20.___manytimes,theboystilldidn’tknowhowtodoit.A.HavingtaughtB.HavingbeentaughtC.taughtD.TeachingDCCDB