初中英语语法专题名词【中考考点】(1)正确识别可数名词和不可数名词。(2)掌握可数名词复数的构成。(3)掌握名词所有格和名词作定语的用法。考点一不可数名词1.概述不可数名词为不能直接用数字计数的词,分为(表示构成世上万物的物质或材料的名称的词,如water,wood,milk等)和(表示性质、行为、状态、情感等抽象概念名称的词,如fun,happiness,health等)。不可数名词通常无复数形式,也不用a或an修饰。物质名词抽象名词2.不可数名词的量化表达(1)借助some,any,much,little,alittle,alotof,lotsof,plentyof等来表示。如:muchwater,someorangejuice,alittlemilk(2)借助容器来表示。如:一杯咖啡,十袋米(3)借助计量单位来表示。如:一张纸,一片面包(4)对不可数名词前的数量修饰语提问用howmuch。acupofcoffeetenbagsofriceapieceofpaperasliceofbread3.既可数又不可数的名词词条含义作可数名词作不可数名词chicken鸡鸡肉room房间空间fish鱼鱼肉glass玻璃杯玻璃paper试卷;报纸纸张time倍数,次数时间work作品工作experience经历经验light电灯光,光线exercise习题锻炼,运动orange橙子橙汁radio收音机无线电考点二可数名词1.可数名词单数变复数的规则变化分类构成例词一般情况加-smap→mapsbag→bagsyear→years以s,x,sh,ch等结尾的词加-esbus→busesbox→boxeswish→wishesbeach→beaches以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词变y为i,再加-esstorystoriesfamily→familiesparty→parties以“辅音字母+o”结尾的词多数在词尾加-es(kilos,photos,pianos除外)tomato→tomatoespotato→potatoeshero→heroes以f或fe结尾的词多数变f或fe为ve,再加-sknife→knivesleaf→leavesshelf→shelvesthief→thieves【巧学妙记】需变fe或f为ve再加-s的名词一个小偷(thief)的妻子(wife),一生(life)中拿了一把刀(knife)和一片树叶(leaf),杀死了一匹狼(wolf),把狼一分为二(half),挂在架子(shelf)上。2.可数名词单数变复数的不规则变化构成例词内部中的元音变化foot→feet,tooth→teeth,man→men,woman→women,policeman→policemen,policewoman→policewomen,Englishman→Englishmen单复数同形Chinese,deer,Japanese,sheep只有复数形式trousers,glasses(眼镜),people,pants,scissors特殊变化mouse→mice,child→children3.名词修饰名词时的复数形式的构成(1)名词作定语修饰名词时,复数形式是将后面的名词变为复数。如:manyappletrees,boystudents(2)man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时,两部分都变为复数。如:menteachers,womendoctors4.集体名词的数(1)集体名词是由若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family,class,team,police等,它们以单数形式出现,若强调其中的每个成员,应视为复数;若强调某个集合的整体,则应视为单数。MyfamilyarewatchingTV.我的家人正在看电视。Myfamilyisahappyone.我家是一个幸福的家庭。(2)有些集体名词通常只用作复数,如:people(人们),police(警察)等。如果要表达单数意义,则要使用其他名词。如:①一个人apeople(×)aperson(√)②一名警察apolice(×)apoliceman/policewoman(√)考点三名词所有格1.构成分类构成例词有生命的名词(人或动物)在词尾加“‘s”Mike’scarmymother’sbirthday有生命的名词(人或动物)以s结尾的复数名词只加“‘”kids’ballsteachers’books不以s结尾的复数名词加“‘s”Children’sDaymen’sshoes无生命的名词一般用of结构apictureofhisroomamapofChina2.特殊用法(1)表示时间、距离、集体、国家、团体等无生命的名词也可用“‘s”构成所有格。今天的报纸世界人口(2)表示某一东西为两人或多人共有时,只需在最后一个名词后加“‘s”,后面所跟名词用单数;表示各自所有时,则需在每个名词后加“‘s”,后面所跟名词用复数。莉莉和露西共有的房间莉莉和露西各自的房间today’snewspapertheworld’spopulationLilyandLucy’sroomLily’sandLucy’srooms(3)表示“某人家”、“诊所”、“店铺”等处所。在李雷家atLiLei’s在诊所atGrandparents’在祖父母家(4)双重所有格表示整体中的一部分,结构为“of+名词所有格”或“of+名词性物主代词”。我父亲的一本书我的一个朋友afriendofmine=oneofmyfriendsatthedoctor’sabookofmyfather’s考点过关训练Ⅰ.单项选择1.Wehavefewinthefridge.Let’sgoandbuysomepotatoes,tomatoesandcarrots.A.vegetablesB.fruitC.meatD.eggs2.—Youlookworried.What’syour?—IhavetroublelearningEnglish.A.nameB.questionC.problemD.job3.motherscouldn’tgotothemeeting,becausethey’vegonetoNanjing.A.LiLeiandLucy’sB.LiLei’sandLucy’sC.LiLeiandLucyD.LiLei’sandLucyACB考点过关训练4.[2018·镇江一模]IhavesomeproblemswithmyEnglishwriting.Canyougivemesome?A.magazinesB.directionsC.suggestionsD.messages5.[2018·淮安]Linda’sperformanceattheartfestivalwasa(n)andwaslovedbyherteachersandclassmates.A.successB.dreamC.chanceD.ideaCA考点过关训练Ⅱ.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空6.(teacher)DayisonSeptember10th.7.IthinkJackieChanisoneofthemostpopular(actor).Ilikehimverymuch.8.Heisafriendofmy(sister).9.Thereareseveral(library)inthecity.10.[2018·上海]Mycousinlikestocollect(stamp)inhissparetime.11.Those(policeman)arelookingforthelostkids.12.—Whose(key)arethese?—Ithinkthey’reJohn’s.Teachers’actorssister’slibrariesstampspolicemenkeys考点过关训练13.[2018·安顺]Look!Somany(girl)studentsareenjoyingthemselvesontheplayground.14.Anumberof(German)aretalkingaboutChineseculture.15.Herearefive(bottle)of(juice)foryou.16.[2018·新疆改编]IlikeplayingbasketballverymuchandIwanttobeabasketball(play)inthefuture.17.Manypeoplelosttheir(life)intheaccident.18.Mysistersareboth(woman)doctors.19.Howmanytimesdoyoubrushyour(tooth)everyday?20.Takeashortrestaftertwo(hour)hardwork.girlGermansbottlesjuiceplayerlivesteethhours’women