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25万吨/年二甲醚精馏系统及二甲醚精馏塔设计I年产25万吨二甲醚的精馏系统及二甲醚精馏塔设计摘要作为LPG和石油类的替代燃料，目前二甲醚(DME)倍受注目。DME是具有与LPG的物理性质相类似的化学品，在燃烧时不会产生破坏环境的气体，能便宜而大量地生产。与甲烷一样，被期望成为21世纪的能源之一。目前生产的二甲醚基本上由甲醇脱水制得，即先合成甲醇，然后经甲醇脱水制成二甲醚。甲醇脱水制二甲醚分为液相法和气相法两种工艺，本设计采用气相法制备二甲醚工艺。将甲醇加热蒸发，甲醇蒸气通过γ-AL2O3催化剂床层,气相甲醇脱水制得二甲醚。气相法的工艺过程主要由甲醇加热、蒸发、甲醇脱水、二甲醚冷凝及精馏等组成。主要完成以下工作：矚慫润厲钐瘗睞枥庑赖。1）全过程的物料及能量衡算；2）通过对ASPENPLUS的学习对精馏系统进行模拟；3）二甲醚精馏塔的选型设计计算；4）二甲醚精馏塔选型的校核；5）通过对塔的设计计算，利用CAD绘制出PID图、PFD图、设备图以及车间布置图。关键词:二甲醚，甲醇，工艺设计，二甲醚精馏精馏塔设计安徽建筑大学本科生毕业设计IIAbstractAsLPGandoilalternativefuel,DMEhasdrawnattentionsatpresent.PhysicalpropertiesofDMEissimilarforLPG,anddon’tproducecombustiongastodamagetheenvironment,so,Itcanbeproducedlargely.Likemethane,DMEisexpectedtobecome21stcenturyenergysources.,DMEispreparedbymethanoldehydration,namely,syntheticmethanolfirstandthenmethanoldehydrationtodimethyletherbymethanoldehydration.MethanoldehydrationtoDMEisdividedintotwokindsofliquidphaseandgas-phaseprocess.Thisdesignusesaprocessgasofdimethyletherpreparedbydimethyl.Heatingmethanoltoevaporation,methanolvaporthroughtheγ-AL2O3catalystbed,vapormethanoldehydrationtodimethyletherby.Thisprocessismadeofmethanolprocessheating,evaporation,dehydrationofmethanol,dimethylethercondensationanddistillationetc.Completedforthefollowingwork:聞創沟燴鐺險爱氇谴净。1)Thewholeprocessofthematerialandenergybalancecalculation;残骛楼諍锩瀨濟溆塹籟。2)ThedistillationsystemissimulatedthroughthestudyofASPENPLUS酽锕极額閉镇桧猪訣锥。3)CalculationandselectionofdesignDMEdistillationcolumn;彈贸摄尔霁毙攬砖卤庑。4)CheckselectionDMEdistillationcolumn;5)Throughthecalculationofdesignofthetower,usingCADtodrawPIDchart,PFDchart,equipmentandworkshoplayout.謀荞抟箧飆鐸怼类蒋薔。Keywords:DME,methanol,ProcessDesign,DesignofDMEfractionatingtower厦礴恳蹒骈時盡继價骚。25万吨/年二甲醚精馏系统及二甲醚精馏塔设计III目录第1章文献综述.................................................................1茕桢广鳓鯡选块网羈泪。1.1二甲醚的现状.....................................................................1鹅娅尽損鹌惨歷茏鴛賴。1.1.1甲醚的市场分析...........................................................1籟丛妈羥为贍偾蛏练淨。1.1.2二甲醚行业面临的考验...............................................1預頌圣鉉儐歲龈讶骅籴。1.2二甲醚生产技术................................................................2渗釤呛俨匀谔鱉调硯錦。1.2.1合成气一步法...............................................................2铙誅卧泻噦圣骋贶頂廡。1.2.2两步法生产技术...........................................................3擁締凤袜备訊顎轮烂蔷。1.2.3二甲醚生产工艺的比较...............................................4贓熱俣阃歲匱阊邺镓騷。1.3甲醇气相法制取二甲醚..................................................4坛摶乡囂忏蒌鍥铃氈淚。1.3.1甲醇气相脱水制二甲醚过程热力学分析...................4蜡變黲癟報伥铉锚鈰赘。1.3.2甲醇气相脱水制二甲醚宏观动力学研究..................10買鲷鴯譖昙膚遙闫撷凄。1.4甲醇气相脱水制二甲醚精制分离..............................12綾镝鯛駕櫬鹕踪韦辚糴。1.4.1二甲醚精馏的影响因素的讨论.................................13驅踬髏彦浃绥譎饴憂锦。1.4.2二甲醚精馏塔数学模型及求解.................................14猫虿驢绘燈鮒诛髅貺庑。1.5结语......................................................................................15锹籁饗迳琐筆襖鸥娅薔。第2章技术分析..........................................................................16構氽頑黉碩饨荠龈话骛。2.1反应原理............................................................................16輒峄陽檉簖疖網儂號泶。2.2反应条件............................................................................16尧侧閆繭絳闕绚勵蜆贅。2.3反应选择性和转化率.....................................................16识饒鎂錕缢灩筧嚌俨淒。2.4催化剂的选择...................................................................16凍鈹鋨劳臘锴痫婦胫籴。安徽建筑大学本科生毕业设计IV2.5精馏塔的选择...................................................................16恥諤銪灭萦欢煬鞏鹜錦。第3章物料衡算与能量衡算...................................................17鯊腎鑰诎褳鉀沩懼統庫。3.1反应器.................................................................................17硕癘鄴颃诌攆檸攜驤蔹。3.1.1物料衡算.....................................................................17阌擻輳嬪諫迁择楨秘騖。3.1.2能量衡算.....................................................................18氬嚕躑竄贸恳彈瀘颔澩。3.2二甲醚精馏塔....................................................................18釷鹆資贏車贖孙滅獅赘。3.2.1进料温度的计算.........................................................18怂阐譜鯪迳導嘯畫長凉。3.2.2二甲醚精馏塔.............................................................19谚辞調担鈧谄动禪泻類。3.3甲醇精馏塔的衡算..........................................................24嘰觐詿缧铴嗫偽純铪锩。3.4甲醇缓冲罐........................................................................27熒绐譏钲鏌觶鷹緇機库。第4章二甲醚精馏塔结构计算..............................................28鶼渍螻偉阅劍鲰腎邏蘞。4.1精馏塔的工艺条件...........................................................28纣忧蔣氳頑莶驅藥悯骛。4.2工艺尺寸的计算...............................................................32颖刍莖蛺饽亿顿裊赔泷。4.2.1气液相负荷与体积流率.............................................32濫驂膽閉驟羥闈詔寢賻。4.2.2塔径的计算...............................................................33銚銻縵哜鳗鸿锓謎諏涼。4.2.3精馏塔有效高度的计算.............................................35挤貼綬电麥结鈺贖哓类。4.3塔板主要工艺尺寸的计算............................................35赔荊紳谘侖驟辽輩袜錈。4.3.1溢流装置计算..............................................................35塤礙籟馐决穩賽釙冊庫。4.3.2弓形降液管宽度Wd和截面积Af..............................36裊樣祕廬廂颤谚鍘羋蔺。4.3.3降液管底隙高度h0.....................................................36仓嫗盤紲嘱珑詁鍬齊驁。4.4塔板布置..............................