中国古代山水城市营建思想的成因-龙彬

龙　彬(重庆建筑大学建筑城规学院副教授,重庆,400045)中国古代形态各异的山水城市不仅是世界城市宝库中的一枝奇葩,同时也作为人类和谐处理自身与自然关系的典例,引起了举世瞩目和广泛研究。本文从自然地理因素、生存与发展要求、原始宗教因素、环境观念因素、传统美学因素、传统哲学因素等方面对中国古代山水城市营建思想的形成原因作出了多视角的综合论述。中国山水城市　思想成因,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,;,,:,,250¹,,,,,,º,,»:,,,;,,,,,,,,,,4420005¹º»见《管氏地理指蒙》,转引自刘沛林《风水——中国人的环境观》见《周礼·考工记》,转引自刘沛林《风水——中国人的环境观》引自《中国自然地理图集》,,,,,¼,,,½,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,(),,,,,,:,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,4520005¼½引自《管子·度地》引自《管子·乘马》,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,¾,,,,,,,,,(),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(),,,,(),,,,,4620005¾引自李先逵《山水城市创造与风水观念更新》,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(),,1990,,,,,,,,,21,,1...,1996.92...,1996.123..:.,1996.74...,1994.45...,1995.126...,1994.127.....,1996.54720005ABSTRACTSStrategicReflectiononWesternChinaDevelopmentChenDongsheng(1)TheauthorpointsoutthatimplementingWesternDevelopmentandacceleratingthegrowthofmiddleandwesternChinaaretheParty'ssignificantstrategicdecisioninviewofthenewcentury.Newapproach,mechanismandmethodologyshouldbeusedinsteadoftraditionaldevelopmentmode.HethenexpresseshisownviewsontheoverallstrategicapproachoftheWesternDevelopment,developmentgoalsofmajorstages,andhowtoadjusttheeconomicstructure,anddevelopcompetitiveeconomyofspecialregionsandeconomiclayout.UrbanDevelopmentStrategiesofXinjiangAutonomousRegionintheWesternChinaDevel-opmentDuanHanming(11)ThroughanalysesofthetownsinXinjiangAutonomousRegionintheirgeographicalfeaturesofspatialdistribution,economy,andcurrentadvantagesanddisadvantagesoftheirdevelop-ment,theauthorholdsthattheurbandevelopmentofXinjiangwillbetheresultofconcertedactionofthemulti-factorsasnaturalenvironment,socialpolitics,andresources.And,there-after,heraisesthestrategyforurbandevelopmentofXinjiang.ConsensusBuildingandComplexAdaptiveSystemsAFrameworkforEvaluatingCollabo-rativePlanningJudithE.InnesDavidE.Booher(39)Consensusbuildingprocessesarenotonlyaboutproductingagreementsandplansbutalsoaboutexperimentation,learning,change,andbuildingsharedmeaning.Thisarticle,basedonourempiricalresearchandpracticeinawiderangeofconsensusbuildingcases,proposesthatconsensusbuildingprocessesbeevaluatedinthelightofprinciplesofcomplexityscienceandcommunicativerationality.Itoffersprinciplesforevaluationandasetofprocessandoutcomecriteria.FactorsInfluencingtheFormingoftheTheoryofPlanningShanshuiCitiesinancientChinaLongBin(44)ThevarietyofShanshuiCitiesinancientChinaisatreasureinworldcitiesaswellasatypi-calexampleofharmoniousrelationshipbetweenhumanbeingsandthenature.ThearticlecomprehensivelyexpoundsthecauseoftheformingoftheplanningtheoryofShanshuicitiesinviewofthegeographicalfactors,needforsurvivalanddevelopment,primitivereligious,environmentalconception,traditionalaestheticsandtraditionalphilosophy.BuildingUptheCharacteroftheCityHuangKehong(52)ThecityofGuilinhasabundantlandscaperesourceandalonghistoryinurbanconstructionandconservtion.However,itisfacingalotofproblemsalongwithitseconomicdevelopment.Theinternalrelationsbetweenthecity'sdevelopment,conservationandgrowthoftourismarerecongnizedatlastaftermanyyearsoftrialanderror.Completelynewrequirementsupontherehabilitationandconservationoftheurbanlandscapehavebeenputforwardandachievedgoodeffect.7820005