机械专业英语第一课

机械专业英语1.PROJECTONEEngineeringMaterialsandHeatTreatment1.1Task1LearnEngineeringMaterials1.2Task2HeatTreatmentofMetalsTask1LearnEngineeringMaterialsWordsandphrases：lubricant['lu:brikənt]n.润滑剂ceramics[si'ræmiks]n.陶瓷，陶瓷制品polymer['pɒlɪmə(r)]n.聚合物Composite['kɒmpəzɪt]a.合成的，复合的；n.混合物zinc[zɪŋk]n.锌carbon['kɑ:bən]n.碳chromium['krəʊmiəm]n.铬manganese['mæŋɡəni:z]n.锰molybdenum[məˈlɪbdənəm]n.钼tungsten['tʌŋstən]n.钨vanadium[vəˈneɪdiəm]n.钒Carbonsteel碳素钢Toolsteel工具钢Alloysteel合金钢Harden['hɑ:dn]v.硬化；淬火Self-hardeningsteel自硬钢Bolt[bəʊlt]n.螺栓Gear[ɡɪə(r)]n.齿轮bearing[ˈbeərɪŋ]n.轴承shaft[ʃɑ:ft]n.轴stainlesssteel不锈钢heat-resistantsteel耐热钢high-speedsteel高速钢castiron铸铁castirongear铸铁轴承whitecastiron白口铸铁pigiron生铁scrapiron[skræp]废铁ironore(stone)[ɔ:(r)]铁矿石steelmaking炼钢carbonequivalent[ɪˈkwɪvələnt]碳当量graycastiron[ɡreɪ]灰铸铁graphiteflake[ˈgræfaɪt][fleɪk]石墨片nodular[ˈnɒdjʊlə]a.球状的，粒状的plasticdeformationandfracture['plæstɪk][ˌdi:fɔ:ˈmeɪʃn]['fræktʃə(r)]形变和裂变nodularcastiron球墨铸铁distinguishing[dɪs'tɪŋgwɪʃɪŋ]a.有区别的，明显的，有特征的feature['fi:tʃə(r)]n.特征，特色malleable[ˈmæliəbl]a.有延展性的，可锻的catalyst[ˈkætəlɪst]n.催化剂coarse[kɔ:s]a.粗糙的precaution[prɪˈkɔ:ʃn]n.预警，警告intermsof依据，按照equivalent[ɪˈkwɪvələnt]a.等量的，相当的outstanding[aʊtˈstændɪŋ]a.突出的，显著的titanium[tɪˈteɪniəm]n.钛nickel[ˈnɪkl]n.镍aluminumalloys[əˈlju:minəm][’ælɔɪz]铝合金highthermalconductivity[ˈθə:məl]高热导性strength-to-weightratio[‘reɪʃɪəʊ]强重比lowdensity['densətɪ]低密度brass(copper-zincalloys)[brɑ:s]黄铜built-upedge切削卷边，切屑瘤graycastiron巴氏合金corrosionresistance[kə'rəʊʒn]耐腐蚀性stiffness[stɪfnəs]n.硬度，刚度ductility[dʌk'tɪlɪtɪ]n.韧性，可延展性formability[fɔ:mə'bɪlɪtɪ]n.可成型性shockresistance[ʃɒk]抗冲击性load-bearing承载tableware[ˈteɪblweə(r)]n.餐具abrasive[əˈbreɪsɪv]n.研磨器a.研磨的thermalconductivity导热性adhesive[ədˈhi:sɪv]n.黏结剂，粘胶剂molecular[mə'lekjələ(r)]a.分子的molecule['mɒlɪkju:l]n.分子polymerization[ˌpɒlɪməraɪ'zeɪʃn]n.聚合corrosion[kə'rəʊʒn]n.腐蚀plywood[ˈplaɪwʊd]n.夹板fibreglass[ˈfaɪbəɡlɑːs]n.玻璃纤维crude[kru:d]a.天然的，未经加工的heat-resistantmaterial耐热材料shatter[‘ʃætə(r)]v.粉碎，破坏beusedfor…用于…beformedfrom…由…组成polymericmaterials[ˌpɒlɪ'merɪk]高分子材料reinforcedconcrete[ri:ɪn'fɔ:st]['kɒŋkri:t]钢筋混凝土metal-matrixcomposites(mmc)[ˈmetlˈmeɪtrɪksˈkɔmpəzit]金属基复合材料crystallinematerials['krɪstəlaɪn]晶体材料syntheticresin[sɪnˈθetɪk]['rezɪn]合成树脂foamedplastic泡沫塑料sparkplugs火花塞traditionalceramics普通陶瓷compactdisks(cds)[‘kɒmpækt]高密度磁盘strengthparameters[pə'ræmɪtəz]强度参数TextAnalysisAlthoughpuremetalsareoccasionallyused,combinationsormetalscalledalloysarenormallydesignedtoprovideimprovementinparticulardesirablepropertyorpermitbettercombinationsofproperties.译文：尽管纯金属较少使用，但多种金属复合而成的合金通常能满足特殊性能需求或者达到更好的性能组合。High-speedsteelisalsoknownasself-hardeningsteel.高速钢也成为自硬钢。beknownas……被称作Themorecarbonthesteelcontainsandthequickerthecoolingis,theharderitbecomes.钢的含碳量越高，冷却速度越快，钢就变得越硬。Somespecialalloysteelsshouldbeusedforsuchpartsbecausethealloyingelementsmakethemtougher,stronger,orharderthancarbonsteels.Somealloyingelementscausesteeltoresistcorrosion,andsuchsteelsarecalledstainlesssteels.一些特殊的合金钢被应用，相对于碳钢来说，因为合金元素能够提高钢的韧性、强度和硬度。一些合金元素能够防腐蚀，这样的合金被称作不锈钢。Toolsmadeofhigh-speedsteelcontainingtungsten,chromium,vanadium,andcarbon,maydotheworkatmuchhigherspeedsthancarbontoolsteels.Questions1、Whatisthemetal?Trytodescribeitusingthewordsinpassageorofyourown.Metalshavethegeneralcharacteristicsofgoodelectricalandthermalconductivity,relativelyhighstrength,highstiffness,ductilityorformability,andshockresistance.Questions2、Whatiscalled“carbon”?(1)Lowcarbonsteelcontainsfrom0.05to0.15percentcarbon,thissteelisalsoknowsasmachinesteel.(2)Mediumcarbonsteelcontainsfrom0.15to0.60percentcarbon.(3)Highcarbonsteelcontainsfrom0.60to1.50percentcarbon,thissteelissometimescalledtoolsteel.