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Test1Somepeopleworkforthesameorganizationalltheirworkinglife.Othersthinkthatitisbettertoworkfordifferentorganizations.Discussboththeseviewsandgiveyourownopinion.Formostpeople,whentheygettheirfirstjobtheyhavelittleideawhetherornottheywillremaininthesameorganizationthroughouttheirworkinglife.Iftheydecidetochange,theyneedtoconsiderhowthiswillimpactontheircareeroverall.Peoplewhostaywiththesameorganizationwillhavetheadvantageofathoroughlyunderstandinghowitworksandalsobecomingfamiliarwiththestaffandprocesses.Iftheyworkhard,theirpromotionprospectsaregoodandthereislikelytobegreaterjobsecuritywithapromiseofagoodpensionwhentheyretire.Employersvalueloyaltyandmayofferadditionalincentivestolong-termemployees,includingbonusesandrewardschemes.However,oneofthedrawbacksofstayingwiththesameorganizationsisthatthepersonmaygetstuckdoingthesamejobyearafteryear.Insomecases,thiscanleadtoboredomanddisillusionment.Movingfromoneorganizationtoanothercanbeastrategicdecisioninordertohavevarietyandacquirearangeofskillsandexperience.9.Afriendofmyfatherstartedoutasasociologyteacher,hethenjoinedtheSocialServicesandiscurrentlymanagingacarehomeinWesternAustralia.10.Thishasmadehimincrediblyknowledgeableinarangeofrelatedfieldsand,inmyview,hasprovidedhimwithamuchmoreinterestingworkinglife.Therearebenefitstoworkingforoneorganization;Ifeelthatitisalsovaluableforanemployeetobeabletoofferawiderangeofexperiencehavingworkedfordifferentcompanies.Aslongasitisplannedcarefully,Ifeelthatchangeisgoodandwillultimatelybenefittheemployeeandtheemployer.(281words)Test2Oneoftheconsequencesofimprovedmedicalcareisthatpeoplearelivinglongerandlifeexpectancyisincreasing.Doyouthinktheadvantagesofthisdevelopmentoutweighthedisadvantages?Overthepast50years,peoplehavebecomeusedtotheideathattheywillprobablylivelongerthantheirgrandparentsdid.However,alongerlifeisonlydesirableifyoucanlookafteryourselfandbeindependent,otherwisetherecanbedisadvantagesforeveryone.Ifyouwalkintoahospitalinmycountry,youarelikelytoseealotmoreelderlypeoplethanyoudidinthepast.Infact,thisiscausingsignificantproblemsasthereisashortageofbeds.Medicaltreatmentiskeepingtheelderlyalive,butatwhatcosttoothers?Ontopofthis,oneofthebiggestmedicalproblemsthesedaysisdementia.Evenifoldpeoplearestillfit,theymaynotbeabletolookafterthemselves.Theymayhavetolivewiththeirchildrenorbecaredforinahome,whichcanbeexpensive.Elderlypeopledonotliketobeaburden,buttheirchildrencanfeelobligedtocareforthem.Obviously,notalloldpeoplebecomeill.Thosewhoremainhealthycanenjoyahappyoldageaslongastheyhavesavedenoughmoney.Peoplearemuchmoreactiveintheirsixtiesandseventiesthantheyusedtobeandthiscanonlybeagoodthing.Theyhavetimetoenjoytheirretirementanddoarangeofactivitiesthatthencouldnotdowhentheywereatwork.Theycanalsohelplookaftertheirgrandchildren,whichisagreatbenefitforworkingparents.Tosumup,Ibelievethatweshouldaimtokeeppeopleashealthyaspossiblesothattheycanenjoytheiroldagewithouthavingtorelyonothers.Alongerlifeexpectancyisobviouslyadvantageous,butnoonewantstolivetobe100iftheyonlycauseproblemsfortheirfamilyandsociety.(308words)Test3Carownershiphasincreasedsorapidlyoverthepastthirtyyearsthatmanycitiesintheworldarenow‘onebigtrafficjam’.Howtruedoyouthinkthisstatementis?Whatmeasurescangovernmentstaketodiscouragepeoplefromusingtheircars?Mostpeoplewouldagreethatcarownershiphasincreasedinrecentyearsandiscausingarangeofproblems,particularlyinbuild-upareas.Ithinkthereareanumberofwaysthatgovernmentscanaimtodealwiththis.Manybigcitiesintheworldhavetrafficproblemsbuttheseproblemsvary.Forexample,itisreasonablyeasytodrivearoundmycityafter10amandbefore5pm.However,outsidethesehours,youhavetoallowdoubletheusualtimetoreachyourdestination.Insomeothercities,trafficiscongestedatalltimes,andthereisthecontinualsoundofcarhornsaspeopletrytogetwherevertheywanttogo.Oneofthebestapproachesgovernmentscantakeinbusycitiesistoencouragetheuseofpublictransport.Thismeansthetransportfacilitieshavetobewellrunandpeoplemustbeabletoaffordthem.Buses,tramsandtrainsaregoodwaysofgettingaround,andiftheyarecheapandreliable,peoplewillusethem.Anotherapproachistodiscouragepeoplefromactuallyenteringthecitybybuildingcarparksandshoppingcentersontheoutskirts.Manycitiesaroundtheworlddothisquitesuccessfullyandofferpassengersbustransportintothecentre,iftheyneedit.Atpeaktravelperiods,governmentscanalsoruncampaignstoencouragepeopletobelessdependentontheircars.Apparently,alotofcartripsinvolveveryshortjourneysto,say,thesupermarketorlocalschool.Theseareoftenunnecessary,butweautomaticallygetinourcarswithoutthinking.Clearlyweallhavearesponsibilitytolookafterourcities.Governmentscandoalottoimprovethesituationandpartofwhattheydoshouldinvolveencouragingindividualstoconsideralternativestodriving.(308words)Test4Insomecountriesanincreasingnumberofpeoplearesufferingfromhealthproblemsasaresultofeatingtoomuchfastfood.Itisthereforenecessaryforgovernmentstoimposeahighertaxonthiskindoffood.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththisopinion?Thegrowthofthefastfoodindustryhas,withoutdoubt,impactedontheeatinghabitsandtheheal