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Unit1RevisetheInfinitive不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/nevertodo”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。不定式一.结构:todo;(否定)nottodo二.时态与语态主动语态被动语态一般式进行式完成式完成进行式不定式todotobedonetobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendonetohavebeendoing--------------------1.Iaskedhimtoattendthemeeting.2.HeseemstobereadingEnglishpoems.3.HeissaidtohavetranslatedthebookintoEnglishlastyear.1.Iaskedhimtoattendthemeeting.2.HeseemstobereadingEnglish.（toattendthemeeting动作发生在ask后)（seem和read同时发生,强调动作正在进行）(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎同时/发生在它之后.)(进行式表示在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)(4).We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)3.HeissaidtohavetranslatedthebookintoEnglishlastyear.（translatethebook发生在besaid之前）1.作主语2.作宾语3.作宾语补足语4.作定语5.作状语6.作表语7.作独立成分8.与疑问词等连用三.用法/功能Toseeistobelieve.It’simportanttolearnEnglishwell.(1).主语•单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数•若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式置后.Myjobtohelpthepatient.Yourtasktocleantheclassroom.isis(2).表语•Myjobto________________.•Yourtaskto_____________.isis(2).不定式作表语protecttheworld.•Helikesto______________.•Ifinditstillnecessary(forhim)to___________ifhewantstowin.(3)不定式作宾语playbasketball句型：think/consider/findit+adj.+todo常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree,afford,appear,ask,attempt；care,choose,claim；dare,decide,demand,deserve,determine；expect,fail,get,guarantee；hate,hesitate,hope,hurry；intend,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise；refuse,seem,tend,threaten；want,wish等+todo。Theteachertoldmeto____________Iexpectyouto____________.(4).不定式作宾补handinmypapersTheteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.引导不定式作宾补的动词：五看watchseelookatobservenotice三使letmakehave二听listentohear一感觉:feelWarn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等+sbtodosth+sbdosth（省略to）e.g.Imadehimdohiswork.Hewasmadetodohiswork(byme).注意1help后面的“to”可省去e.g.Theyoftenhelpthegrandma(to)carrywater.2see,hear,watch,feel,notice,lookat等表示感觉和let,make,have等表示使役的动词后面，不定式作宾语时要省“to”（注：被动语态不省to）但当以上的动词用于被动式，to要还原：1.Theysawtheboyfallsuddenlyfromthetree.Theboywasseentofallsuddenlyfromthetree.2.MothermadeJohnwashthecarforaweek.Johnwasmadetowashthecarforaweek.不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.(1).Shecoulddonothingbutcry.(2).Ihavenochoicebuttogo.Note2Ihavesomethingtosay,butmybrotherhasalotofhomework_____,soIamlookingforsomeone__________.(5).不定式作定语不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。1.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。Heislookingforaroomtolivein.2.不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.•不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。1.不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：(1)动宾关系Ihavealotofworktodo.我有很多工作要做。(2)主谓关系Heisalwaysthefirsttocome.他总是第一个来。(3)同位关系Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.我们都有上大学的机会。3.something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。注意比较：1)Haveyouanythingtosend?你有什么东西要寄吗？2)Haveyouanythingtobesent?你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？（不定式tosend的动作执行者是you）（不定式tobesent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someoneelse）eg:Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.Ⅴ.作状语1.表示目的:to/inorderto/soasto2.表示原因不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语,sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,foolish,right,wrong,slow,quick,rude,cruel,disappointed等。eg:I’mglad/pleasedtoseeyou.Weweresurprisedtohearthenews.3.结果状语:so+adj./adv.+astodo…such+adj.+a/an+n.+astodo…adj./adv.+enough+todotoo+adv./adj.+todo③Wehurriedtothestationonlytofindthetrainhadleft.Hewassofoolishastobelieveit.=Hewassuchafoolastobelieveit.=Hewasfoolishenoughtobelieveit.I’mtootiredtowalkanyfurthertonight.①②Totellthetruth,Iamnothappyatthemoment.(7).独立结构•tobefrank,•tobehonest,•totellthetruth•Hedidn’tknow____________.(8).与疑问词等连用whattosay•不定式与疑问词who,which,when,how,what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.(宾语)Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.(主语)Myquestioniswhentostart.(表语)注意：•在与why连用时，只用于why或whynot开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。Whynothavearest?(9)不定式的省略(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词.e.g.:Wouldyouliketogowithme?I’dliketo.(2).不定式是tobe结构,be不可省.e.g.:Wouldyouliketobeateacher?I’dliketobe.1.Itisgoodtohelpothers.2.Itismyambitiontomakesurethatthedisabledpeopleinourneighborhoodhaveaccesstoallpublicbuildings.3.MyambitionistoworkinthecomputerindustrywhenIgrowup.Identifyitsfunction.(subject)(subject)(predicative)想一想4.Idon’thavetimetositaroundfeelingsorryformyself.5.Iamtheonlystudentinmyclasstohaveapetsnake.6.Abigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme.7.MyfellowstudentshavebeguntoacceptmeforwhoIam.(attribute)(attribute)(object)(object)8.Ihavehadtoworkhardtoliveanormallife.9.SomedaysIamtootiredtogetoutofbed.10.Wemustcallonlocalgovernmenttogivefinancialassistancetodisabledpeople.(adverbial)(adverbial)(objectcomplement)1.Thepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating2.Iwouldlove____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone3.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented4.LittleJimshouldlove____tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking5.____lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.H