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一.英语句子从结构上看有三种类型：1.简单句（SimpleSentence)2.并列句（CompoundSentence)3.复合句（ComplexSentence)(1)简单句的五大基本句型：主语+连系动词+表语主语＋及物动词＋宾语主语＋不及物动词＋状语主语＋及物动词＋间宾＋直宾主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾补Herfaceturnedredwithanger.Youcanconsidermysuggestion.Thiskindofclothsellswell.Heexplainedthesentencetous.Hefoundtheworkhalfdone.（2）并列句：由两个或两个以上等立而又相互独立的简单句构成，两个简单句由等立连词连在一起。其结构是：简单句+等立连词+简单句（3）复合句：由一个主句或几个从句构成的句子。从句只用作句子的一个成份，不能独立。根据从句在句中的作用，可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句三类。二.定语从句用于修饰名词或代词2.从句:由一个句子充当某个成份HehasstudiedEnglishforonlyoneyear,buthecanreadandwritenow./Keeponandyouwillmakeprogress.Heisaphysicsteacher./Pleaseshowmeanotherticket./AustraliaisanEnglish-speakingcountry.1.定语：3.定语从句：由一个句子充当定语4.从句的位置：在名词或代词后5.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词6.引导词：引导定语从句的词（关系代词和关系副词)7.引导词的作用：(1)引导定语从句(2)在从句中作一成份(3)代替先行词在从句中的位置作用例句作主语Wevisitedthefactorywhich\thatmakestoysforchildren.Mostmanagerswho\thatarepresentatthemeetingagreedtotheplan.作宾语Thestudentwhom\that\whoyouwanttoseehascome.Theletterwhich\thatIreceivedyesterdaywasfrommyfather.作定语Thegirlwhosemotherisateacherworksveryhard.Theroomwhosewindowswerebrokenwasmine.作状语In1998,hereturnedtothesmalltownwherehegrewup.IstillrememberthedaywhenImethimforthefirsttime.Thereasonwhyhemissedthespeechwasthathedidn’tcatchthebus.关系代词和关系副词的作用引导词关系代词关系副词在定语从句中作主语或宾语主语或宾语宾语主语或宾语定语时间地点原因状语状语状语在从句中作宾语可省去先行词为whothatwhomwhichwhose人物/人人物某人/某物的WhenWherewhy关系代词和关系副词如何区别？1.Thereason_______hemissedthespeechisthatheforgotthetime.2.Thereason____________hegaveussoundedreasonable.3.I’llneverforgettheday____________wespenttogetherinParis.4.I’llremembertheday________westayedtogetheratthattime.5.Thisisthefactory____________wevisitedlastyear.6.Thisisthehouse_________Lincolnoncelived.Remember:引导词用关系代词还是用关系副词关键要看他们在从句中作什么成份而定。或者说，假如把先行词放到从句中是作主语、宾语还是状语而定。whythat\whichthat\whichwhenthat\whichwhere7.(1)Hestilllivesintheroom________windowfacestothesouth.(2)Hestilllivesintheroom_________isinthenorthofthecity.whosewhich8.(1)Iwillneverforgetthedays________westudiedtogether.(2)Iwillneverforgetthedays_________wespenttogether.whenthat9.(1)Thereason________hedidn’tcomewasthathewasill.(2)Thereason_________heexplainedisnottrue.whythat10.(1)Wewillmeetatthesameplace________wemetlastmonth.(2)Wewillmeetatthesameplace________wevisitedlastmonth.wherethatwho,that（先行词为人）有区别吗？1.用who不用that的情况：(1)当先行词为one,ones,anyone,those时。(2)当先行词为人称代词时。HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.Thosewhohaveanydifficultywithpronunciationshouldpractisemore.2.用that不用who的情况：(1)当先行词既是人又是物。(2)当句子出现一个who等。（3）关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。HetalkedalotaboutthethingsandpersonsthathehadrememberedthereWhoisthemanthatspoketoyoujustnow?Maryisnolongerthegirlthatsheusedtobe.which,that(先行词为物）有区别吗？1.只用that不用which的情况：(1)先行词为much,little,few,nothing,none,anything,no,all等不定代词（2）先行词既是人又是物。（3）先行词为形容词的最高级或序数词。（4）先行词被thevery,theonly,thelast,any,every,who等修饰时。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.Hespokeofthethingsandpersonsthathehadseenabroad.ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingfor.Whothathassuchahomedoesn’tloveit?（5）关系代词在从句中作表语时Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.ThisisoneofthebestfilmsthatIhaveeverseen.只能用which的情况:2.引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用which(1)Themachine,whichIhavelookedafterformanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.(2)Shefailedtheexam,whichmadeherparentsvaryangry.(3)Hesawafilm,whichwasabouttheLongMarch.(4)Myglasses,withoutwhichIwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.1.介词前置时关系代词只能用which(先行词为物)Remember:Which在这两种情况下即使在句中作宾语也不能省。填一填比一比Thosewho_________(break)thelawwillbepunished.Anyonewho_________(break)thelawwillbepunished。Heisoneofthestudentsthat__________(come)fromAustralia.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentsthat__________(be)praisedbytheteacheratthemeetingyesterday.关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词要和先行词保持一致。breakbreakscomewas(1)Thisisoneofthemostinterestingbooks______wereonshow.(2)Thisistheonlybook_______weneed.(3)Thereisonlyalittle_______wecandotohelpyou.(4)Thisistheverydictionary______wearelookingfor.thatthatthatthat介词+关系代词先行词为人,关系代词用whom;先行词为物,关系代词用which.关系代词在介词后不能用that,关系代词也不能省。如介词放在句尾，引导词可用that或who,而且可省去。关系代词和关系副词可转换：where,when,why=介词+which1.Thisisthereason____________helefthishometown.(=why)2.I’llneverforgettheday___________westayedtogether.(=when)3.Thisisthegirl_____________Ilearnedthenews.4.Theperson___________IspokejustnowisthemanagerthatItoldyouabout.5.I’llshowyouastore__________youmaybuyallthatyouneed.(=where)6.Idon’tliketheway_________youlaughedather.(=that;\)forwhichonwhichfromwhomtowhominwhichinwhich问一问：1.Whose指物时，可以与其他结构互换吗？2.介词短语要提前吗？3.固定词组中的介词可以提前吗？Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.Thisisthebook________________________isblue.Thisisthebook____________________isblue.thecoverofwhichofwhichthecoverTheycametoahouse,infrontofwhichsatasmallboy.ThebabythatI’mlookingforismysister’sdaughter.练一练：下列句子有几种译法？1.这是我妈妈曾经住过的地方。2.那儿有一座山，山顶总是被雪覆盖着。Translation:1.Thisistheroomwheremymotheroncelived.Thisistheroominwhichmymotheroncelived.Thisistheroom(which/that)mymotheroncelivedin.2.Thereisamountaintherewhosetopisalwayscoveredwithsnow.Thereisamountaintherethetopofwhichisalwayscoveredwithsnow.Thereisamountainthereofwhichthetopisalwayscoveredwithsnow.Congratulations!开动脑筋：看谁的句子最漂亮？1.Atravellerisapersonwho\th