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FORTEM4Grammar说明以下总结的专四常考点，我们不着重与详尽的语法介绍，只是对历年专四常考的语法进行总结。我们的目标是对于必考语法点完全拿下。一比较结构(comparativeConstruction)英语中比较结构最主要有三种：1.as…as…结构2.more…than…结构3.themost…结构1.as…as…结构基本模式：as+adj/adv(原级）+as…否定形式：1)notas/so+adj/adv(原级）+as…2)也可用less…than…e.gJohnisasbrightasBob.(否定）JohnisnotasbrightasBob.JohnislessbrightthanBob.用法：1.主语不同，比较项目相同。Thisparcelisasheavyasthatone.2.主语相同，比较项目不同。Thegirlwasasbrilliantasshewasbeautiful.这姑娘既漂亮又聪明。3.主语和比较项目都不同。Theswimmingpoolisn’ttwiceaswideasthatoneislong.（倍数+as+adj/adv+as..)另一种模式：asmuch/many+n+as…否定形式：notas/somuch/many+n+as…1)Hetookasmuchbutterasheneed.Hedidn’ttakeas/somuchbutterasheneeded.2)Shehaswrittenasmanyessaysasherbrother(does).Shehasn’twrittenasmanyessaysasherbrother(does).变体形式：as+adj(原级）+名词词组+as…(注意下列句子的语序）1.GeorgeisasefficientaworkerasJack.(名词的意义受到强调）orGeorgeisaworker(whois)asefficientasJack.(形容词的意义受到强调）2.Idon’twantasexpensiveacarasthis.2.more…than…结构1)用于在两个人或物之间作同一方面的比较。Theconcertwasmoreenjoyablethanlecture.2)用于同一个人或物的本身作不同方面的比较。Thepresentcrisisismuchmoreapoliticalthananeconomiccrisis.当前的危机与其说是经济危机，不如说是政治危机。此用法也可用于less…than…结构，但得出相反的含义。Thepresentcrisisismuchlessapoliticalthananeconomiccrisis.当前的危机与其说是政治危机，不如说是经济危机。3.（the）+adj/adv最高级+比较范围比较级形式表示最高级意义时，比较对象的范围应用：anyother+单数名词theother+复数名词theothersanyone/anythingelse上述词是用来将比较级结构转变成最高级意义的关键词语，切不可遗漏，否则会造成逻辑混乱的错误。※补充说明1notso…as¬somuch…asLondonisn’tsobigasTokyo.伦敦没有东京大。Itwasn’tsomuchhisappearanceIlikedashispersonality.(与其说我喜欢他的外表，不如说我喜欢他的为人。）前一例相当于一般的比较结构，后一例相当于less…than的含义。notsomuch…as是一个专四常考结构。真题举例：1.Itisnotsomuchthelanguageasthebackgroundthatmakesthebookdifficulttounderstand.(99,45)(07.57)【注：同一个句子专四考了两次，这说明了反复看往年题的重要性】2.Thattrumpetplayerwascertainlyloud.ButIwasn’tbotheredbyhisloudnesssomuchasbyhislackoftalent.(04,41)2.notmore/-erthan与nomore/-erthanJohnisnotbetterthanTom.(否定前者，肯定后者)JohnisnobetterthanTom.(对前后者都否定）真题举例：Overpopulationposeaterriblethreattohumanrace.Yetitisprobablynotmoreathreatthanenvironmentaldestruction.(07.62)3.nomore…than(=not…anymorethan)两者一样都不Awhaleisnomoreafishthanahorseis.鲸不是鱼，如同马不是鱼一样。Fatcannotchangeintomuscleanymorethanmusclechangesintofat.(99.44)脂肪不能变成肌肉，就如同肌肉不能变成脂肪一样。4.themore…themore…与moreandmorethemore...themore…表示两个过程中同时递增，是主从结构。moreandmore只表示一个过程的不断增长。如…thewildertherangeofourlifeandthemorevariousthecontactswehave,thewilderandsupplermustbeourcommandoverarangofEnglishstyles.5.“ofa+n”的比较级“ofa+n”相当于一个形容词，表示具有后面那个名词的性质；若该名词为可数名词，名词之前要加不定冠词。它的比较级也要用more来修饰。如Heismoreofadoctor.他更像个医生。该结构也可以用于同级比较结构中。如Heisasofanathleteasshe.他和她一样具备运动员的素质。二虚拟语气1.主从句谓语动词的时态(1)掌握主从句谓语动词的规范搭配:主句从句与现在事实相反would/情态动词过去式+dowere(不分人称)/did与过去事实相反would/情态动词过去式+havedonehaddone与将来事实相反would/情态动词过去式+doshoulddo/weretodo1.WouldyouhavebeensurprisedifIhadarrivedyesterdaywithoutlettingyouknowbeforehand?(04年)[与过去事实相反]2.Allofuswouldhaveenjoyedthepartymuchmoreiftherehadn’tbeenquitesuchacrowdpeoplethere.（00年）[与过去事实相反]3.Ifyourcarshouldneedanyattentionduringthefirst12months,takeittoanauthorizeddealer.（98年）(2)区分主从句表示的不同时间概念：主从句谓语动词所指时间不同，这叫做错综时间条件句，动词形式应根据实际情况来调整。如：Haditnotbeenforthetimelyinvestmentfromthegeneralpublic,ourcompanywouldnotbesothrivingasitis.(主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反)(3)识别事实和假设混合句：Yourmathsinstructorwouldhavebeenhappytogiveyouamake-upexaminationhadyougoneandexplainedthatyourparentswereillatthetime.(句子前半部分为假设情况，而“父母病了”是事实)Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospitalhaditbeenatallpossible,butIwasfullyoccupiedthewholeoflastweek.(前半部分为假设，后半部分是事实)2.名词性从句的虚拟形式名词性从句是指宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。从句的谓语动词需用(should+)动词原形表示虚拟。考生应熟悉：(1)下列动词做谓语时，that宾语从句中的动词用虚拟形式：•desire,advise,recommend,command,direct,order,ask,demand,request,require,insist,maintain,move,propose,prefer,urge,vote。如：•Inthepastmengenerallypreferredthattheirwivesworkinthehome.•Imovethathebedischargedforhisseriousmistake.(2)下列形容词和分词做表语或补语时，that主语从句中动词用虚拟形式：advisable,desirable,insistent,preferable,urgent,appropriate,compulsory,crucial,essential,imperative,important,necessary,obligatory,possible,probable,proper,vital,advised,arranged,commanded,demanded,desired,ordered,proposed,recommended,requested,required,suggested。如：•Theboarddeemiturgentthatthesefilesshouldbeprintedrightaway.•Itisessentialthatallthesefiguresbecheckedtwice.真题举例：1.ItisabsolutelyessentialthatWilliamcontinuehisstudyinspiteofsomelearningdifficulties.(07,65)2.Itisimperativethatthegovernmentattractmoreinvestmentintotheshipbuildingindustry.(06.59)3.Theopeningceremonyisgreatoccasion.Itisessentialforustobepreparedforthat.(3)下列名词接同位语从句或表语从句时，从句中动词用虚拟形式：insistence,preference,recommendation,suggestion,proposal,motion,desire,requirement,request,order,necessity,importance,regulation,rule,resolution,understanding。如：JohnWagner’smostenduringcontributiontothestudyofAfro-Americanpoetryishisinsistencethatitbeanalyzedinareligious,aswellasworldly,frameofreference.3.含蓄虚拟条件句的谓语动词形式含蓄虚拟语气是指假设条件不通过if从句表达，而是暗含在其他结构中。考生应熟悉：(1)连词but,butthat,or,orelse；副词otherwise,unfortunately等表示转折假设。如：1.Asafetyanalysiswouldhaveidentifiedthetargetasapotentialdanger.Unfortunately,itwasneverdone.2.Victorobviouslydoesn’tknowwhat’shappened;otherwisehewouldn’thavemadesuchastupidremark.(2)介词短语暗