虚拟语气

人力资源部内训之十一——虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑、愿望、要求、命令、建议等。虚拟语气条件状语从句中在名词性从句中asif从句中其他句型中省略if的条件从句错综时间的条件句表示坚持,命令,建议,要求等词的名词性从句中虚拟语气subjunctivemood含蓄条件句特殊情况wish后宾语从句中wouldrather后宾语从句中insist/suggest后宾语从句中It'stimethat...ifonly表祝愿预习检查其中包括三种特例3一、在条件从句中的虚拟语气(以do为例)时间条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式过去had+donewould/could/might/should+havedone现在did(be用were)would/could/might/should+do将来①did②shoulddo③weretodoIfyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。(与过去事实相反)Ifitweresunnytomorrow,Iwouldcometoseeyou.明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。(与将来事实相反)IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce.假如我是你的话，我会马上走。(与现在事实相反)4特殊条件句中的虚拟语气IfIweretomeethimtomorrow,Ishouldaskhimaboutit.WereItomeethimtomorrow,Ishouldaskhimaboutit.Ifheshouldfailintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.Shouldhefailintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.1、省略if的条件从句当从句中有were,had或should时,可省略if,而把它们放在句首5特殊条件句中的虚拟语气2、错综时间的条件句从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同，要按主从句各自时间来确定虚拟形式。Iftheyhadstudiedhard,theycoulddoiteasilynow.(从句指过去,主句指现在)Ifhehadnottakenmyadvice,hewouldn'tdoitmuchbetterlikethis.(从句指过去,主句指现在)IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.(从句指现在,主句指过去)6特殊条件句中的虚拟语气3、含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,而是暗含在上下文中.Butforyouradvice,Icouldnothavedoneitsosuccessfully.Thechangecouldnothavetakenplacewithouttheopen-doorpolicy.Iwassobusythen,Otherwise,Iwouldhavetoldhimtheanswer.7二、在名词性从句中的虚拟语气一）表示坚持(insist)、命令(order,command)、建议(suggest,advise,recommend)，要求(demand,request,require,desire)等动词及其名词或者过去分词在主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用should+do构成,should可省略。1.Hesuggestedthatthestudentswashtheclotheseveryweekbythemselves.（宾语从句）2.Itissuggestedthatmiddleschoolstudents(should)previewtheirlessonsbeforeclasses.（主语从句）3.Oursuggestionisthatyou(should)bethereontime.（表语从句）4.Thesuggestionthatstudents(should)learnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.（同位语从句）8二、在名词性从句中的虚拟语气二）、特殊情况主句从句用法从句谓语动词（以do为例）主语＋wish+从句主语现在did(be用were)过去had＋done将来would(could)＋doIwishIwereabirdflyinginthesky.Iwishhehadvisiteduslastnight.Hewisheshecouldbecomeascientistsomeday.1.wish接宾语从句用虚拟语气9二、在名词性从句中的虚拟语气2.在would(had)rather(宁愿)接宾语从句中常用虚拟语气主句从句用法从句谓语动词（以do为例）主语+wouldrather+从句主语现在或将来did（be用were）过去haddoneIwouldratheryouwenttomorrow(now)．IwouldratherIhadnottoldhimthebadnews.10二、在名词性从句中的虚拟语气3.记住：insist/suggest各有两种意思，要用不同的语气Insist表“坚决要求”用虚拟形式，即should+do;表示“坚持说”，用陈述语气，表示事实。Suggest表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。Hispalefacesuggestedthathewasillandtheteachersuggestedthathe(should)seethedoctor.Heinsistedthatallofusshouldbethereontimebyanymeans.Heinsistedthathewasright.11三、在asif/though引导的状语或表语从句中的虚拟语气（以do为例）主+谓+asif/though+从句主语从句时间从句谓语动词过去had＋done现在did(be动词用were)将来would/could/might＋doHewalkedasifheweredrunk.Hetalksasifhehadbeentomanyplacesintheworld.Helookedasifhewereaforeigner.注：在look,seem等动词后的“asif/asthough”从句中,当表真实情况时,用陈述语气;否则用虚拟语气.Itseemsasiftheyknoweachother.(真实情况)Itseemsasthoughitwerealreadyspring.(虚拟语气)12四、虚拟语气在其他一些句型中的用法(1)It‘s(high)timethat...从句中，谓语动词用过去式或should＋do，should不可省。表示“早该……了”ItistimethatIwenttopickupmydaughteratschool.Itishightimeyoushouldgotowork.(2)其他一些表示祝愿的句型。Mayyousucceed!祝你成功！Wish/Mayyouahappybirthday!祝你生日快乐！13四、虚拟语气在其他一些句型中的用法(2)ifonly引导的感叹句中，意为“要是……就好了”。Ifonly+主语+谓语从句时间从句谓语动词过去had＋done现在did(be动词用were)将来would/could/might＋doIfonlytheywereherenow,wewouldbeabletocelebratetheirweddinganniversary.Ifonlyshehadtakenhisadvicelastnight.Ifonlyhecouldgowithustomorrow.14巩固练习一15巩固练习Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．IfI(have)enoughmoney,Iwouldbuythatbeautifulsculpture.2．IwishI(have)alittlelabofmyown.3．Ifhe(come)tomorrow,wewouldbegreatlysurprised.4．Ifthesun(be)riseinthewest,Iwouldfollowyou.5．IfI(be)inyourposition,Iwouldaccepttheiroffer.6．Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI'dratherhe(focus)moreonitsculture.7．HowIwishI(see)heroffatthestation,butIwastoobusy.8．Heinsistedthathe(send)there.9．thesnowstormcontinuetomorrow,ourflightwouldbecanceled.10．Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathe(pass)theexam.hadhadshouldcome/cameweretowerefocusedhadseen(should)besentShouldhadpassed16巩固练习Ⅱ.单句写作1.Secondly,,Iwouldtakeawalkintheeveningwithmyfriends.第二，如果我是你，我会在傍晚和朋友一起散步。2.Besides,Iwishthereinaclass.另外，我希望一个班不会有太多的学生。3.TomasterPutonghua,Istronglysuggestyou..为了掌握普通话，我强烈建议你和中国人进行练习。4.Hissonhadbeenawayfromhomeforaweek.Hewouldratherhe..他的儿子已离家出走一周了，他宁愿自己没对他大喊大叫。ifIwereyouwouldn'tbetoomanystudents(should)practicewithChinesepeoplehadn'tshoutedathim17巩固练习5．Iwishweall!我希望大家能有个愉快的夜晚。6．Ifyou,everythingwouldbeallright.如果你成功的话，一切就会好起来的。7．Theboyinsistedthathe.小男孩坚持说他尽了最大努力，应该受到表扬。8．Isuggestbetweenyourstudyandentertainment,suchassports,listeningtomusicandsoon.我建议你应该保持学习和娱乐之间的平衡，像运动、听音乐等。wouldhaveaniceeveningsucceeded/shouldsucceed/weretosucceedhadtriedhisbestand(should)bepraisedyoushouldkeepthebalance18巩固练习二19巩固练习Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Ifhe(work)hardlastyear,hewouldgetagreatsuccessnow.2．Butfortherain,we(finish)theworkalready.3．ItissuggestedthattheEnglishEvening(hold)onSaturday.4．Hebehavedasthoughnothing(happen)．5．Itistimethathe(make)adecision.6．IfonlyI(have)abiggerhouse!7．Ifwe(make)adequatepreparations,theconferencewouldhavebeensuccessful.8．Theiradviceisthatanewfactory(build)intheirhometown.9．(have)youfollowedtheteacher'sadvice,youwouldn'tb