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副词性从句（状语从句）语法讲与练AllRightsReserved.杭州外国语学校高三英语组2007.1Leo欢迎来到从句大家庭！从句分三类：名词性从句，形容词性从句，副词性从句。副词性从句就是状语从句，家庭成员最多。高考状语从句考查重点1从属连词的选择；2同类状语从句中连词的辨析。状语从句在主从复合句中作状语修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词，按意义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、行为方式、比较、让步等九种状语从句。一般位于句首或者句末，位于句首，用逗号和主句格开。引导状语从句的关联词是从属连词状语类别从属连词时间when,whenever,as,while,before,after,till(until),since,eversince,once,assoonas,soonafter,themoment,theminute,immediately等，eachtime,everytime,lasttime,bythetimenosooner…than,hardly…when地点where,wherever原因because,as,since,consideringthat,nowthat目的sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,incase结果/程度sothat,so…that,such…that,that,withtheresultthat条件if,unless,as(so)longas,as(far)as,incase,supposethat,onconditionthat比较as…as,notas(so)…as,than让步though,although,evenif,eventhough,as,however,whatever,whenever,wherever,whoever,whether…or,nomatterwho/what/which/where/when/whether/how行为方式as,asif,asthough考点（1）when,as,while引导时间状语从句When既可引导持续动作，又可引导短暂动作。它表示主句动作和从句动作同时发生，或从句动作在主句动作之前。WhenIwasaboy,IusedtogototheseashoreonSundays.（同时）Whenthelessonwasover,webeganourwriting.（从句动作在前）while指“在某一时间里”，“在…期间”，从句动作必须是持续性；也强调主句和从句动作的同时发生，往往侧重主从句动作的对比。WhilehewasinLondon,hestudiedmusic.as常和when,while通用，但侧重主句和从句的动作同时发生，说明两种正在发展和变化的情况。Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.Isawyoursisterasshewasgettingonthebusyesterday.Hesangashewalked.一、时间状语从句______heleftschoolatfourteen,hebegantotrainasanengineer.A.WhileB.SinceC.WhenC.Then______thedaywenton,theweathergotworse.A.WithB.SinceC.WhileD.As当when,as,while表示“在…一段时间里”，主从句的动作同时发生时，可以换用。如：While(When或As)wewerediscussing,Mr.Smithcamein.When和while引导时间状语从句时，若主句的主语和从句的主语一致的时候，可以用when/while+现在分词表示。____ayoungman,hewenttoFranceforFrench.A.WhenB.WhileC.AsD.Since*when可表示“如果”。如：Don’tbeafraidofaskingforhelp_____itisneeded.A.UnlessB.sinceC.althoughD.whenwhen和while还可以是并列连词，意思分别是“就在这时”，“然而”。如：Hewasabouttotellmethesecret____someonepattedhimontheshoulder.A.asB.untilC.whileD.whenIdoeverysinglebitofhousework____myhusbandBobjustdoesthedishesnowandthen.A.sinceB.whileC.whenD.asJasminewasholidayingwithherfamilyinawildlifepark____shewasbittenonthelegbyalion.A.whenB.whileC.sinceD.before考点2表示时间的词组引导状从assoonas,nosooner…than…,hardly(barely,scarcely)…when…等用法都表示主从动作相继发生。hardly和nosooner放在句首，从句要倒装。例：Hardlyhadshesatdownwhenthetelephonerang.Immediately,instantly，themoment，theinstant,theminute,thesecond，theday(the+瞬时名词/段时名词)等表示时间概念的词也可引导时间状从。例：IwenttoseehimimmediatelyIheardfromhim.bythetime,eachtime,everytime,anytime,lasttime,nexttime,firsttime,soonafter,shortlyafter都可以作为连词引导时间状语。如：IrecognizedhimthemomentIsawhim.Bythetimehewasfour,hehadtaughthimselfmath.Eachtimehecame,hewouldcallonme.---DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?---Yes,Igaveittoher______Isawher.A.forthemomentB.themomentC.atthemomentD.while考点3until/till主句谓语动词是持续动词，“直到…为止”。如：Iworkedtill(until)hecameback.not…until…:“直到…才”,主句谓语动词必须是短暂性的如：Shewon’tgotobedtill/untilhereturnshome.not…until结构若在强调句中成为被强调的部分，须将not和until连在一起并前移，如果notuntil在句首，主句倒装。ItwasnotuntilhecamebackthatIknowit.=NotuntilhecamebackdidIknowit.Agoodstorytellermustbeabletoholdhislisteners’curiosity_____hereachestheendofthestory.A.whenB.unlessC.afterD.untilWeweretoldthatweshouldfollowthemainroad___wereachedthecentralrailwaystation.A.wheneverB.untilC.whileD.whereverNotuntilallthefishdiedintheriver___howseriousthepollutionwas.A.didthevillagersrealizeB.thevillagersrealizedC.realizedthevillagersD.didn’tthevillagersrealize*如果before引导的从句位于主句之后，词义非常灵活，注意下列句子中的before的词义：1.BeforeIcouldgetinaword,thetailorhadmeasuredme.(还没来得及…就)2.Wehadn’trunamilebeforehefelttired.(还没…就)3.Wehadsailed4daysbeforewesawland.(…才…)4.Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.(趁还没…就)考点4beforeScientistssayitmaybefiveorsixyears____itispossibletotestthismedicineonhumanpatients.A.sinceB.afterC.beforeD.whenItwasevening_____wereachedthelittletownofWinchester.A.thatB.untilC.sinceD.beforeSomeonecalledmeupinthemiddleofthenight,buttheyhungup____Icouldanswerthephone.A.asB.sinceC.untilD.beforeHemadeamistake,butthenhecorrectedthesituation___itgotworse.A.untilB.whenC.beforeD.as重要考点几个极易混淆的时间状语从句：Itwas+时间点+when…（当的时候时间是）Itwas5amwhenwearrivedatthevillage.Itwas/willbe+时间段+before…(没过…就／过了…才)Itwas/willbetwoweeksbeforewemet/meetagain.Itis/hasbeen+时间段+since…（自从…以来有…）Itis/hasbeen3yearssincewelastmet.突破点：一看be动词的时态，二看时间段还是时间点。注意：在“Itis/hasbeen+时间段+since…”句型中，从句的动词必须是短暂性的，如果是延续性的动词，时间要从从句的动作结束时算起。如：Itis3yearssinceIsmoked.(我戒烟有三年了)注意：时间状语从句中谓语动词不能用任何一种将来时，只能用现在时和过去时表示将来时。二、地点状语从句where/wherever引导，要注意wherethere连用的某些情况下，使得地点从句更像是一个条件句。例如：Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Thefamousscientistgrewup____hewasbornandin1930hecametoShanghai.A.whenB.wheneverC.whereD.whereverShefoundhercalculator_____shelostit.A.whereB.whenC.inwhichD.that考点地点状语从句和定语从句的区别：①定语从句前有一个表示地点的名词作先行词；而地点状语从句无此特征。②地点状语从句可位于句首，而定语从句不可。IfoundthepenwhereIhadleftit．IfoundthepeninthedeskwhereIhadleftit．三、原因状语从句：考点1：because,as,since,for引导原因状从的区别。because表示的原因因果关系很强,as和since表示已知的或比较明显的原因，译为“由于”“既然”，since比as更正式，as从句有时候可以倒装。1.在强调句中强调原因状语从句，只能用because引导，不可用as或since，如：Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn’tgowithus.2.because可以引导表语从句,而as,since不可以，这时状语一般都是it,this,that如：It’sbecauseheistoolazy.3.Tiredashe