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必修三Unit1--Festivalsandcelebrations节日和庆典Festivalandcelebrationsofallkindshavebeenheldeverywheresinceancienttimes.Mostancientfestivalwouldcelebratetheendofcoldweather,plantinginspringandharvestinautumn.Sometimescelebrationswouldbeheldafterhuntershadcaughtanimals.自古以来，世界各地就有各种各样的节日和庆典。大多数古老的节日总是庆祝严寒的结束，春季的种植和秋天的收割。有时，在猎人捕获猎物后，也举行庆祝活动。Atthattimepeoplewouldstarveiffoodwasdifficulttofind,especiallyduringthecoldwintermonths.Today’sfestivalshavemanyorigins,somereligious,someseasonal,andsomeforspecialpeopleorevents.在那个时代，如果食物难以找到，特别是在寒冷的冬月，人们就会挨饿，现在的节日有很多由来，一些是宗教上的，一些是季节性的，一些是纪念特殊的人和事件的。FestivalsoftheDead亡灵节Somefestivalsareheldtohonourthedeadortosatisfytheancestors,whomightreturneithertohelportodoharm.此节日是为了纪念死者，或使祖先得到满足，因为祖先们有可能回到世上(给人们)提供帮助，也有可能带来危害。FortheJapanesefestivalObon,peopleshouldgotocleangravesandlightincenseinmemoryoftheirancestors.Theyalsolightlampsandplaymusicbecausetheythinkthatthiswillleadtheancestorsbacktoearth.在日本盂兰盆节，人们要扫墓、烧香，以缅怀祖先。人们还点起灯笼，奏响乐曲，因为他们一位这样做可以把祖先引到世上。InMexico,peoplecelebratetheDayoftheDeadinearlyNovember.Onthisimportantfeastday,peopleeatfoodintheshapeofskullsandcakeswith“bones”onthem.Theyofferfood,flowersandgiftstothedead.在墨西哥，亡灵节是在月初。在这个重要的节日里，人们会吃制成颅骨形状的食物，和装点有“骨头”的蛋糕。他们向亡者祭献食物、鲜花和礼品。TheWesternholidaysHalloweenalsohaditsorigininoldbeliefsaboutthereturnofthespiritsofdeadpeople.Itisnowachildren’sfestival,whentheycandressupandgototheirneighbours’homestoaskforsweets.Iftheneighboursdonotgiveanysweets,thechildrenmightplayatrickonthem.西方的万圣节也源自人们古老的信念，以为亡者的灵魂会返回人间。万圣节如今成了孩子们的节日，这天他们可以乔装打扮上邻居家要糖吃。如果邻居什么糖也不给，那么孩子们就可以捉弄他们了。FestivalstoHonourPeople纪念名人的节日Festivalscanalsobeheldtohonourfamouspeople.TheDragonBoatFestivalinChinahonoursthefamousancientpoet,QuYuan.也有纪念名人的节日。中国的端午节(龙舟节)，是纪念古代著名诗人屈原的。IntheUSA,ColumbusDayisinmemoryofthearrivalofChristopherColumbusintheNewWorld.美国的哥伦布日是纪念克里托斯.哥伦布发现“新大陆”的日子。IndiahasanationalfestivalonOctober2tohonourMohandasGandhi,theleaderwhohelpedgainIndia’sindependencefromBritain.印度在10月2日有个全国性的节日，纪念莫汉达斯.甘地，他是帮助印度脱离英国而独立的领袖。HarvestFestivals庆丰收的节日HarvestandThanksgivingfestivalscanbeveryhappyevents.Peoplearegratefulbecausetheirhoodisgatheredforthewinterandtheagriculturalworkisover.收获与感恩节是非常喜庆的节日。越冬的粮食收集起来了，农活结束了，人们都心怀感激。InEuropeancountries,peoplewillusuallydecoratechurchesandtownhallswithflowersandfruit,andwillgettogethertohavemeals.Somepeoplemightwinawardsfortheirfarmproduce,likethebiggestwatermelonorthemosthandsomerooster.在欧洲国家，人们通常用花果来装饰教堂和市政厅，在一起聚餐。有些人还可能因为他们的农产品(参加各种评选)而获奖，比如最大的西瓜或最帅的公鸡。ChinaandJapanhavemid-autumnfestivals,whenpeopleadmirethemoonandinChina,enjoymooncakes.中国和日本都有中秋节，这时，人们会赏月。在中国，人们还品尝月饼。SpringFestivals春天的节日Themostenergeticandimportantfestivalsaretheonesthatlookforwardtotheendofwinterandtothecomingofspring.最富生气的而又最重要的节日，就是告别冬天，迎来春天的日子。AttheSpringFestivalinChina,peopleeatdumplings,fishandmeatandmaygivechildrenluckymoneyinredpaper.Therearedragondancesandcarnivals,andfamiliescelebratetheLunarNewYeartogether.中国人过春节要吃饺子、鱼和肉，还要给孩子们送红纸包着的压岁钱。(他们)舞龙灯、狂欢，全家人聚在一起欢庆阴历年。SomeWesterncountrieshaveveryexcitingcarnivals,whichtakeplacefortydaysbeforeEaster,usuallyinFebruary.Thesecarnivalsmightincludeparades,dancinginthestreetsdayandnight,loudmusicandcolourfulclothingofallkinds.在一些西方国家有激动人心的狂欢节，通常在二月，复活节前的四十天。狂欢节期间，人们身着各种艳丽的节日盛装，伴随着鼓噪的音乐，在街头游行，昼夜跳舞。EasterisanimportantreligiousandsocialfestivalforChristiansaroundtheworld.ItcelebratesthereturnofJesusfromthedeadandthecomingofspringandnewlife.复活节是全世界基督教徒的一个重要的宗教和公众节日。它庆祝耶稣复活，也庆祝春天和新生命的到来。Japan’sCherryBlossomFestivalhappensalittlelater.Thecountry,coveredwithcherrytreeflowers,looksasthoughitiscoveredwithpinksnow.在晚些时候，日本就迎来了樱花节，(节日里)整个国度到处是盛开的樱花，看上去就像是覆盖了一层粉红色的雪。Peoplelovetogettogethertoeat,drinkandhavehunwitheachother.Festivalsletusenjoylife,beproudofourcustomsandforgetourworkforalittlewhile.人们喜欢聚在一起吃、喝、玩耍。节日让我们享受生活，让我们为自己的习俗而自豪，还可以暂时忘掉工作中的烦恼。