葡萄酒基础知识-10612

葡萄酒基础知识内容概述TableofContents葡萄酒的种类WineVarieties葡萄酒的起源OriginsofWine葡萄酒的酿造Vinification红白葡萄品种Red&WhiteGrapes新旧世界对比NewWorldVSOldWorld葡萄酒的品尝WineTaste葡萄酒与美食FoodPairings1.葡萄酒的种类WineVarieties什么是葡萄酒What’sWine葡萄酒就是100%经过发酵的葡萄汁Wineis100%fermentedgrapejuice酿制葡萄酒神奇的方程式ThemagicformulaofWinemaking这个神奇的方程式就是：糖+酵母=酒精+二氧化碳+化合物Themagicformulais:sugar+yeast=alcohol+co2+chemicalcompound1.葡萄酒的种类WineVarieties按颜色分类ClassifybyColor按酒内糖分ClassifybySugar按饮用方式ClassifybyFood1.葡萄酒的种类WineVarieties按颜色分类Definedbycolor红葡萄酒：带皮发酵Redwine：Fermentedwithskinsandothersolids白葡萄酒：不带皮发酵Whitewine:Fermentedwithoutskinandsolids桃红葡萄酒：红葡萄酒短期浸渍Rosewine:Macerationinshortpiriod1.葡萄酒的种类WineVarieties按酒内糖分Definedbysugar干葡萄酒Dry4g/L半干葡萄酒Off-dry4g-12g/L半甜葡萄酒Medium-dry12g-40g/L甜葡萄酒Sweet40g/L1.葡萄酒的种类WineVarieties按饮用方式Definedbycourse开胃葡萄酒AperitifWine佐餐葡萄酒TableWine餐后葡萄酒DessertWine2.葡萄酒的起源OriginsofWine外高加索地区Transcaucasia美索不达米亚Mesopotamia腓尼基人(1100B.C.开始在欧洲各地运输葡萄树）Phoenicians（StarttotransportvinesaroundEurope)埃及坟墓中的证据EvidenceinEgyptiantombs葡萄酒的简史WineHistory埃及人饮用葡萄酒成了埃及文化精髓的一部分，记录了葡萄酒年份和葡萄园，甚至在套管上课路了酿酒师的名字，在古埃及贵族坟墓里可以找到这些证据。最初只会饮用葡萄酒，后来学会在尼罗河三角洲种植葡萄酒TheEgyptiansdrinkingwinebecameamajorpartofthecultureofEgyptianelite.Recordedvintages,vineyards,evenwinemakernamesontheirclaypots,someofwhichwereplacedinthetombsofthenobility.TheEgyptianswerewinedrinkersfirst,butsoonlearnedtogrowgrapesinthefertileNileRiverdelta葡萄酒的简史WineHistory埃及人和腓尼基人是闪族人的两大贸易合作伙伴TwogroupswithwhomtheSumerianstradedweretheEgyptiansandthePhoenicians腓尼基人(1100B.C.开始在欧洲各地运输葡萄树）1100B.C.商业社会，开始在欧洲各地运输葡萄树Phoenicians（StarttotransportvinesaroundEurope)1100B.C.MercantilesocietystartedtotransportvinesaroundEurope最出色的航海家。地中海盆地-北非-南欧-西不骆驼岩山,Thefinestseatravelersintheirage.MediterraneanbasinandestablishedcoloniesinnorthAfricaandinsouthernEuropeasfarastheRockofGibraltar.Winedrinkersgo,vinegoestoo葡萄酒的简史WineHistory希腊人Greeks日常健康饮料socialbeverage殖民欧洲.带葡萄树回家.贡献：将新葡萄酒品种核心技术引进法国南部，西班牙，最重要的是意大利ColonizesEurope.Broughtvinestopermanenthome.Contribution:spreadvine,broughtnewgrapesandnewtechniquestosouthernFrance,Spain,andperhapsmostimportantly,tosouthernItaly.葡萄酒的简史WineHistory罗马人对整个欧洲影响深远，用手稿记录了葡萄栽培和酿造，了解土壤，坡度和葡萄园方位的重要性，提高酿酒技术，发展欧洲贸易。对欧洲葡萄区重要贡献，包括：法国勃艮第，波尔多，香槟，阿尔萨斯，隆和谷，卢瓦尔谷，德国莱茵高，奥地利多瑙河流域等。ItisdifficulttooverstatetheimportanceoftheRomansforthedevelopmentofwinecultureinEurope.TheRomansproducedmanualsdescribinggrapegrowingandwinemaking,understoodtheimportanceofsoil,slopeandvienyardaspect,anddevelopedapan-Europewinetrade3.葡萄酒的酿造WineVinification自然条件natural+天气weather=微气候uniqueclimate+土壤soil=“风土”terrior酿造技术vinification选择葡萄品种grapetypes(最适合“风土”)terrior酿造工艺vinification-种植growing-发酵fermentation-陈酿aging-调配blending地理环境geographic“Terrior”这是一个法语词，它的含义广泛，包括葡萄种植区域的传统，气候，土壤，湿度，光照时间，以及酿酒师的技艺等方面。我们把它概括翻译成“风土条件”。正是这个特定的“风土条件”使得每个葡萄种植区域都富有自己的特色。“Terrior”isaFrenchtermofwineindustry.Itembracesseveralmeaningsincludingthetradition,climate,soil,humidity,sunshineandalltheelementslikethesemakingawine-makingregionuniquetotheotheronesallovertheworld.Atitscoreistheassumptionthatthelandfromwhichthegrapesaregrownimpartsauniquequalitythatisspecifictothatregion.Fouloirsàrouleaux整串葡萄Wholegrapes压榨press泵pumpPompe泵pump白葡萄whitegrspes澄清容器Rackingtank固体杂质沉淀Depositofsolids发酵罐Fermentationtank温度控制tempcontrol18-20°C温控发酵Temperaturecontrol葡萄汁流出draining榨汁机crushing添加二氧化硫Additionofsulphurdioxide红葡萄Redgrapes去梗DestemmingStemsremoved滚筒榨汁机Rollercrusher添加二氧化硫Additionsulphurdioxide泵发酵容器Fermentationvat葡萄皮和籽的混合物30°CMustat30Pump降温液体Coolingliquid降温液体Coolingliquid凉水coldwater降温过程cooling葡萄皮和籽的混合物降温至25°CMustcooledto25°CRemontage榨渣marc葡萄皮和籽的混合物must葡萄榨渣的抽取Sprayingofthemarccap4.常见葡萄品种GrapeVarietiesChardonnay葡萄特征Featuresofgrape果粒大，黄色，边缘棕色斑点Largeyellowberrieswithbrownspots产量中高Naturallymedium-highyields4.常见葡萄品种GrapeVarietiesChardonnay著名产区Notableregion勃艮第：风格多样，夏布力,莫尔索，布衣复赛Burgundy,widerangeofstyles,Chablis,Meursault,Pouilly-Fuisse香槟产区（气泡酒）Champagne（sparklingwine)加州：浓郁，橡木风味California:rich,oakystyle澳大利亚：热带水果，橡木风味Australia:tropicalflavors,oaky4.常见葡萄品种GrapeVarietiesChardonnay口感Palate中等酸度Mediumacidity中-高酒精度Moderatetohighalcohol中-重酒体Mediumtofull-body极少酿甜酒Rarelyproducedinsweetstyle4.常见葡萄品种GrapeVarietiesSauvignonBlanc外观通用描述Appearance葡萄特征Featuresofgrape中等大小果粒Medium-sizedberries高酸，特别茂盛Highnaturalacidity.Particularlyvigorous4.常见葡萄品种GrapeVarietiesSauvignonBlanc口感Palate高酸度Highacidity中等酒精度Moderatealcohol中轻酒体LighttomediumbodyAbunchofRieslinggrapesaftertheonsetofnoblerot.Thedifferenceincolourbetweenaffectedandunaffectedgrapesisclearlyvisiblebotryis干型和甜型Dryandsweetstyles4.常见葡萄品种GrapeVarietiesRiesling外观通用描述Appearance葡萄特征Featuresofgrapes果粒小，紧凑Compactclustersofsmallberries萌芽早，晚熟Earlybudding,lategrowing4.常见葡萄品种GrapeVarieties其他常见白葡萄品种：Otherwhitegrapesvarieties麝香：非加强型(芦笋，细腻白肉），加强型(奶油奶酪，冰激凌，水果挞馅饼）Muscat:non-fortifiedwine(asparagus,delicatewhitemeats),fortifiedstyle(creamycheese,icecream,fruittarts)灰皮诺：梨，香料，苹果，花香，柑橘味，配合烤白肉，鹅肉，鸡肝酱，浓郁的奶酪Pinotgris:pear,spice,apple,flora,citrus,pairingswithroastedwhitemeats,goose,chickenliverpate,strongcheese4.常见葡萄品种GrapeVarieties其他常见白葡萄品种：Othe