主语从句;表语从句

主语从句表语从句一．主语从句主语从句在从句中作主语，主语从句可以位于句首，但常见的主语从句多放在句末，句首则用形式主语it。ThatIdidnotlearnthesubjectclausewellwasapity.ItwasapitythatIdidnotlearnthesubjectclausewell.注意：1.连词that,whether在从句中不担任句子成分，只起连接作用，不能省略。试比较：Thisisafactorythatproducesshoes.Thatthefactoryproducesgoodshoesisknowntoall.if不能引导主语从句：Whetherhewillcomeornotisnotknown.注意：who,which,how,when,where,why在所引导的主语从句中可担任主语，宾语，状语，不能省略。可以用形式主语it引导。Whocantelluswhatisgoingtohappenisaquestion.Whichofthelearningmethodsuitsusisnotclear.Whenandwhereweshouldgoisuptoyou.Whyheinsistsondoingthatisnotknown.注意：who,whom,which,what等可以和ever构成合成词，引导主语从句和宾语从句。此类主语从句不能用it引导，引导词在句中担任句子成分，不能省略。Whoeverwilldothejobhasnothingtodowithme.WhomeverWangLaowuwillmarryisnoneofmybusiness.WhicheverLiCuihuaheisgoingtomarrydoesnotinterestme.a.It+be+形容词+that-从句Itisnecessarythat…有必要……Itisimportantthat…重要的是……e.g.Itisimportantthatwe(should)studyhard.b.It+be+-ed分词+that-从句Itisbelievedthat…人们相信……Itisknowntoallthat…众所周知……Ithasbeendecidedthat…已决定……e.g.Itissuggestedthatwe(should)finishitnow.用it作形式主语的that-从句句型d.It+不及物动词+that-分句Itappearsthat…似乎……Ithappensthat…碰巧……Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想起……e.g.Itappearsthatshefollowedmyadvice.c.It+be+名词+that-从句Itiscommonsensethat……是常识Itisasurprisethat…令人惊奇的是…Itisafactthat…事实是……e.g.Itisafactthatweareonlystudents.(1）Itissaid/reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.注意几点：(2）Ithappens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。(3）Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether…结构中的主语从句不可提前。Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.Whetherheiswrongornotdoesn’tmatter.1.______menhavelearnedmuchfromthebehaviorofanimalsishardlynew．A.ThatB.ThoseC.WhatD.Whether[译文］人类从动物的行为中学到了许多东西，这已经不是什么新闻了。本题测试引导主语从句的连词，题中主语从句的成分完整，因此需要一个在句子中不起任何成分的连接词，因此只有A项符合题意。2.Insomecountries，________iscalledequalitydoesnotreallymeanequalrightsforallpeople．A）whichB）whatC）thatD）on有一些国家所谓的平等实际上并不意味着全体人民都享有平等的权利。此题测试主语从句。连接词what引导的名词从句，在上述句子中作主语，它本身又在从句中作主语成分，相当于thethingwhich3．_____toattendthemeetinghasdecidedbythemanager．哪些人去参加会议，已由经理做出了决定。A.WhowillgoB.WhoeveraregoingC.WhoisgoingD.Whoeverwillgo考查主语从句;whoever不切合题意。二.表语从句下边的句子是表语从句吗？1.Theproblemiswherewecanholdourmeeting.2.Itseemsthateverythinggoessmoothly.3.Thecauseisthatthetemperatureofwaterislowerthatneeded.4.Thatiswhathereallywants.在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句，位于主句系动词的后面。表语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。用表语从句翻译句子：警察想知道的是你什么时候进的房间。Whatthepolicewantedtoknowiswhenyouenteredtheroom.二、难点强化1：表示命令建议的名词后的表语从句。在order,(命令），suggestion,advice(建议）等的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即：”should+动词原形“，should常可省。2.that.whether的区别:that用于表示肯定的意义，而whether表疑问。Idon’tdoubtthat…Itdoesn’tmatterwhether…Itmakesnodifferencewhether…Myadviceisthat…Itisnotmadeclearwhether…Hemadeasuggestionthat…Itisnotdecidedwhether…Itistobefoundoutwhether…Itistobedecidedwhether…3：because引导的表语从句用this/that/it填空because可以引导表语从句，但通常只用于”this/that/it/wasbecause…”结构中____isbecauseyoumissedthechance._____isbecauseyoudidnottakemyadvice.___isbecausethenecklace,yournecklace.ThisThatIt注意：在表语从句中,当reason做主语时,引导词只能用that,不能用because。Thereasonwas_____hedidn’tcatchtheearlybus.Thereason____heisabsentfromworkis____heisseriouslyill.thatwhythat1.Perseveranceisakindofquality,andthat's_______ittakestodoanythingwell.(2002上海春季)A.whatB.thatC.whichD.why解析:本题考查表语从句中引导词的用what既引导表语从句又在从句中作takes的宾语,构成Ittakessth.todosth.的句型。2.___shecouldn'tunderstandwas___fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.(2000上海，27)A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;thatD.Why;because主语从句…understand缺少宾语,要用what引导;表语从句fewerandfewer…inherlessons是一个完整的句子,不可能用what,because不能引导表语从句。3.___madetheschoolproudwas___morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.(2003上海春招)A.What;becauseB.What;thatC.That;whatD.That;becausewhat引导主语从句，在主语从句中作主语；that引导表语从句，在表语从句中起连接作用。4.---Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday'sgame?---Oh,that's_______.(2003北京春季)A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited解析:本题全句意为：你还在考虑昨天的比赛吗？哦，正是这件事使我激动不已。表语从句whatmakesmefeelexcited,表示比赛留下久久不能忘怀的印象,现在还在thinking;Good-bye!