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专题六史地常识型阅读理解专题六史地常识型阅读理解专题导读专题六│专题导读史地常识型文章通常介绍异域风光，历史事件，进一步扩大我们的视野和对其他国家，尤其是对英语国家的了解。因此史地常识型文章经常出现在高考阅读理解中，其趋势是：1．选材：英语国家的主要名胜或历史事件，历史年代。2．命题：以细节题为主，有部分推断题。3．知识：涉及一定的地理常识或历史知识。史地常识型文章多以细节题为主，着重考查考生理解文中具体信息的能力。细节题一般分为以下几类：专题六│专题导读1．排序题：根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子间的逻辑关系，找出事件的正确顺序。一般采用“首尾定位法”来做题。即先确定出第一个和最后一个事件，缩小范围，得出答案。2．图文转换题：根据短文描写找出相应图形或根据图形找出答案。一般采用“文史锁定法”，(找出文字，按“文”定“图”)或“图形标示法”(在图中标出内容，以便理解)。3．数字换算题：根据数据，找出换算关系，计算并得出答案。专题六│专题导读4．表格理解题：看懂行和列分别代表的意义，正确理解，做出选择。5．同义转换题。6．代词指代题：理清人物、事件间的逻辑关系，使人物、事件更加条理化，简明化。专题六│真题典例真题典例[2011·安徽卷]Thinkaboutthedifferentwaysthatpeopleusethewind.Youcanuseittoflyakiteortosailaboat.Windisoneofourcleanestandrichestpowersources(来源),aswellasoneoftheoldest.Evidenceshowsthatwindmills(风车)begantobeusedinancientIranbackintheseventhcenturyBC.TheywerefirstintroducedtoEuropeduringthe1100s，whenarmiesreturnedfromtheMiddleEastwithknowledgeofusingwindpower.专题六│真题典例Formanycenturies,peopleusedwindmillstogrind(磨碎)wheatintoflourorpumpwaterfromdeepunderground.Whenelectricitywasdiscoveredinthelate1800s，peoplelivinginremoteareasbegantousethemtoproduceelectricity.Thisallowedthemtohaveelectriclightsandradio.However,bythe1940swhenelectricitywasavailabletopeopleinalmostallareasoftheUnitedStates,windmillswererarelyused.专题六│真题典例Duringthe1970s，peoplestartedbecomingconcernedaboutthepollutionthatiscreatedwhencoalandgasareburnedtoproduceelectricity.Peoplealsorealizedthatthesupplyofcoalandgaswouldnotlastforever.Then,windwasrediscovered,thoughitmeanshighercosts.Today,thereisaglobalmovementtosupplymoreandmoreofourelectricitythroughtheuseofwind.【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍人们使用风的几种不同方式。可以放风筝，可以扬帆航行，还是最清洁最丰富的能源，很早以前人们就开始用风能发电了。专题六│真题典例()1.Fromthetextweknowthatwindmills________.A．wereinventedbyEuropeanarmiesB．haveahistoryofmorethan2,800yearsC．usedtosupplypowertoradioinremoteareasD．haverarelybeenusedsinceelectricitywasdiscovered【解析】C细节理解题。从第二段Whenelectricitywasdiscoveredinthelate1800s,peoplelivinginremoteareasbegantousethemtoproduceelectricity.Thisallowedthemtohaveelectriclightsandradio.可知风车在偏远的地区曾用来发电，人们可以照明和听广播。专题六│真题典例()2.Whatwasanewuseforwindpowerinthelate19thcentury?A．Sailingaboat.B．Producingelectricity.C．Grindingwheatintoflour.D．Pumpingwaterfromunderground.【解析】B细节理解题。从第二段第二句Whenelectricitywasdiscoveredinthelate1800s,peoplelivinginremoteareasbegantousethemtoproduceelectricity.可知在19世纪末期，人们开始用风车来发电。专题六│真题典例()3.Oneofthereasonswindwasrediscoveredinthe1970sisthat________.A．windpoweriscleanerB．itisoneoftheoldestpowersourcesC．itwascheapertocreateenergyfromwindD．thesupplyofcoalandgasfailedtomeetneeds【解析】A细节理解题。从文章最后一段前两句可知“人们从20世纪70年代开始关注烧煤和气来发电产生的空气污染，而且煤和气不会持久。”尽管风能发电成本高，但是人们还是开始重新考虑用风能发电。专题六│真题典例()4.Whatwouldtheauthorprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows?A．Theadvantagesofwindpower.B．Thedesignofwindpowerplants.C．Theworldwidemovementtosaveenergy.D．Theglobaltrendtowardsproducingpowerfromwind.【解析】D推理判断题。从文章最后一句可知作者下段可能会讨论全球用风能发电的趋势。新题预测专题六│新题预测(一)PetsarenostrangerstotheWhiteHouse.ManyofAmerica’sPresidentshavebeenanimallovers.Inrecenttimes,WhiteHousepetshavebeentamedogsandcats.Longago,however,presidentialpets,likeournationitself,werewilder!新题预测专题六│新题预测In1806,PresidentThomasJeffersonlivedintheWhiteHouse.Passersbyoftencaughtsightofhispetbears.Explorershaddiscoveredthesefiercebears,caughtapairofsmallones,andsentthemtoJefferson.WhilethePresidentwasexcitedabouthisbears,hisenemiesinCongressconstantlylaughedathispets,callingtheWhiteHouse“ThePresident’sBearGarden”．专题六│新题预测By1825,thebearswerelonggonefromtheWhiteHousescene.NowthebuildingwashometoPresidentJohnQuincyAdamsandhiscrocodile.ThegreenbeastactuallybelongedtoGeneralLafayette,aFrenchherowhohadhelpedtheUnitedStateswintheRevolutionaryWar.WhenLafayetteaskedAdamstokeepthecrocodileforhim,thePresidentcouldn’trefuse.WhilePresidentAdamsbabysatthehugecrocodile,FirstLadyLouisaAdamswasbusyraisingthousandsofsilkworms.Sheusedthesilkfromthesilkwormstomakeclothforherdresses.专题六│新题预测WhenPresidentMartinVanBurenmovedintotheWhiteHousein1837,hebroughthistigerswithhim.Atleast,VanBurensaidthetigerswerehis.TheSultanofOmanhadsentthetigerswhenVanBurenwaselected,soCongressarguedthatthecatsbelongedtotheAmericanpeople.Afightoverthetigerscontinuedformonths.Intheend,Congresssentsomeonetoseizethetigersandputtheminazoo.专题六│新题预测Twentyyearslater,PresidentJamesBuchananreceivedanothervaluablegiftwhenhewasinhisfirstyearintheWhiteHouse.Thistime,theKingofSiamsentseveralelephants!Buchananhadnodesiretosharehisbuildingwiththebigcreatures,sohesentthemtothezoo.Buchanandid,however,keepanothergift—apairofbirds.Theywereafittingsymbolofpresidentialpower.【解析】饲养宠物一直是西方人的喜好，然而在白宫内总统饲养宠物还是一件新鲜事。本文以时间为顺序详细讲述了美国总统饲养宠物的趣事。专题六│新题预测()1.Accordingtothepassage,wecaninferthat________.A．thepetsthePresidentsraisedwereallhugeonesB．thepetsthePresidentsownedwerealltheirfavoriteonesC．thePresidentskeptthepetsnotonlyathomebutinthezooD．thePresidents’petswerenotonlycaredaboutbytheirfamilies【解析】D推理判断题。可用排除法。专题六│新题预测()2.HowdidthePresidentsmentionedgettheirunusualpets?A．Theygotthemintheforest.B．Theyboughtthematthemarket.C．Thepetsweregiventothembyothers.D．Theirfamilymemb