高中英语语法-状语从句 归纳总结

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1状语从句状语从句一.分类:种类连接词注意区别:时间状语when/whenever/while/as/before/after/instantly/until/till/bythetime/assoonas/hardly…when/nosooner…than/themoment/theminute/immediately有一些表示时间的名词短语也可用来引导时间状语从句:theminute,themoment,everytime,thefirsttime例:Themomenthereachedthecountry,hestartedhissearch.他一到达这个国家,就开始他的探寻工作。有一些表示时间的副词也可用来引导时间状语从句:directly例:Directlythemastercamein,everyonewasquiet.校长一进来,大家就安静下来as和when、while:as,when引导短暂性动作的动词。当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前,只能用when引导这个从句,不可用as或while。从句表示随时间推移连词能用as,不用when或while。till/until和not…till/until:until可用于句首,而till通常不用于句首。地点状语where//whereverwhere,表示某一个;wherever,表示任何一个。原因状语Because/as/since/nowthat/forbecause和since、for、as、nowthat:because语势最强,用来说明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知,就用as或since。由because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗号,则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用for。nowthat都表示“既然”nowthat一定要是现在发生的,since可以是现在,也可以是过去和现在。条件状语if/unless/once/incase/aslongas/onconditionthat多用一般时态,如果表示一般将来的情况,就用一般现在时,如果表示过去将来的情况,就用一般过去时。目的状语(so)that,/inorderthat/forfearthat/incase/lestsothat和inorderthat后常接may,should,could,would等情态动词结果状语so…that,such…that其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,so是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词。so还可与表示数量的形容词many,few,much,little连用,形成固定搭配。比较状语Than/notso//as…as//themore…themoreYourwatchisnotthesameashis.(thesameas结构)方式状语asif,asthough,as,(just)as---so,asif和asthough引导的从句一般用虚拟语气。让步状语Though/although/evenif/eventhough/as//,nomatterwhat/who/which/how/when,whatever/whoever/whichever/however/whenever,whether---or---(不管----都)as在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式;although和though用正常语序,可和yet连用,但不可和but连用2状语从句时间状语从句:when(当……的时候)while(在……期间)as(当……的时候,一边……一边……)before(在……之前)since(自从……以来)till/until(直到)hardly…when…(刚……就)assoonas(一……就……)after(在……之后)not…till/until(直到……才)nosooner…than…(刚……就)地点状语从句:where(在那里)wherever(无论哪里)原因状语从句:because(因为)since(因为,既然)as(由于)for(为了)nowthat(既然)目的状语从句:(so)that=inorderthat(以便)soas(not)to(以便[不])incase(以免)lest(以免)结果状语从句:so+adj./adv.+that(如此……以致)sothat(结果……)such+n.+that(如果……以致)that(所以,因此)让步状语从句:though/although不可同but连用。though/although(虽然)however(可是)eventhough/if(即使)nomatter+what/which/where/who/when=whatever/whichever/wherever/whoever/whenever(不论什么/哪一个/哪里/谁/何时)比较状语从句:as(正如)as…as(和……一样)notas/so…as(不如……)than(比……更)the+比较级…+the+比较级(越……越……)条件状语从句:if(假设)unless(如果不)solongas(只要)onconditionthat(如果)方式状语从句:as(像……那样地)justas(正像)asif(好像)asthough(好像)二.各种状语从句的简化方法:状语从句由when/while/as/once/whenever引导的时间状语从句当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时,且谓语动词为be,常省略从句的主语和谓语be.由if/unless引导的条件状语从句由though/although/eventhough/evenif引导的让步状语从句由because引导的原因状语从句由wherever引导的地点状语从句1.以after和before引导的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时,从句等于after/before+doingsth.作状语。例:Aftershesang,shelefttherichman'shouse.=Aftersinging,shelefttherichman'shouse.2.以assoonas引导的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时,从句等于on+doingsth.,作状语,此时的动词为非延续性动词。例:Marybegantooperateonthewoundedsoldiersassoonashearrivedatthevillage.=Marybegantooperateonthewoundedsoldiersonarrivingatthevillage.3.时间状语从句和条件状语从句的主语和主句主语一致时,有时可简化为不定式作状语。例:Shestoppedwhenshesawherhusband.=Shestoppedtoseeherhusband.Ifyouwanttounderstandthefarmers,youmustgotothecountryside.=Tounderstandthefarmers,youmustgotothecountryside.4.结果状语从句和目的状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时,可以简化为不定式作状语;若两者主语不一致时,则应简化为不定式的复合结构作状语。例:Hewassotiredthathecouldn'tgoanyfurther.=Hewastootiredtogoanyfurther.IcameheresothatIcouldasksomequestions.=Icamehere(inorder)toasksomequestions.5.以when,while引导的时间状语从句和以if引导的条件状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时,从句等于when/while/if+doingsth.作状语,表示谓语动作发生在该状语动作的进行过程之中。例:Whenheturnedontheradio,hefounditbroken.=Whenturningontheradio,hefounditbroken.Whileshewaswalkingalongthestreet,shewashitbyacar.=Whilewalkingalongthestreet,shewashitbyacar.6.原因状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时,可简化为分词短语作状语。3状语从句例:Sinceldidn'tknowChinese,ItriedtospeaktoherinEnglish.=NotknowingChinese,ItriedtospeaktoherinEnglish.注意:形容词短语也可作表示原因的状语,来代替原因状语从句,放在句首、句末均可,但一般应加逗号。例:Ashewasthirstyandeagertogetalittlerest,hewentintothetea-house.=Thirstyandeagertogetalittlerest,hewentintothetea-house.7.在时间、原因、条件等状语从句中,若从句和主句主语不一致时,可简化为分词复合结构作状语。有时也可简化为“with/without名词或代词十分词(短语)”形式作状语。例:Whenthefilmstartappeared,thechildrengotexited.=Thefilmstartappearing,thechildrengotexited.Ifalltheworkisdone,youcanhavearest.=Withalltheworkdone,youcanhavearest.Nothingcanliveifthereisnoair.=Nothingcanlivewithoutair.8.让步状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时,可简化为分词短语作状语;不一致时,常简化为with或inspiteof介词短语作状语。例:Althoughhefacedhisdeath,hedidn'tsayanythingbeforetheenemy.=Facingthedeath,hedidn'tsayanythingbeforetheenemy.Althoughtherewasdanger,herushedouttocarrytheboytosafety.=Inspiteofdanger,herushedouttocarrytheboytosafety.三.表示一…就…的结构hardly/scarcely…when/before,nosooner…than和assoonas都可以表示一…就…的意思,例:Ihadhardly/scarcelygothomewhenitbegantorain.Ihadnosoonergothomethanitbegantorain.AssoonasIgothome,itbegantorain.注意:如果hardly,scarcely或nosooner置于句首,句子必须用倒装结构:Hardly/ScarcelyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.四.As引导的让步状语从句的倒装:1.形容词+as+主语+系动词:例:Tiredasheis,heofferstohelpme.尽管他已经很累了,他还是主动提出帮助我。2.过去分词+as+主语+系动词:例:Well-knownasthebookis,theauthorisnotsatisfiedandpreparedtoreviseit.尽管这本书写得很好,作者还是不满意并打算修改它。3.名词+as+主语+系动词:例:Studentasheis,hedoesnotstudyhard.他虽然是个学生,但却不努力学习。4.副词+as+主语+谓语部分:例:MuchasIadmirehiscourage,Idon’tthinkheactedwisely.我虽然钦佩他的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