高中英语语法-非谓语动词研究

SeriesOfEnglishGrammar——Non-PredicateVerbs鹿邑县第二高级中学王桂芹非谓语不定式（todo)V-ingV-edasanounasadj.oradv.现在分词动名词过去分词非谓语动词的分类使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时,这些动词就充当了非谓语动词.非谓语动词的1.Smokingisbadforhealth.2.Hishobbyisswimming.3.Iheardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.4.ThemantalkingwithmyfatherisMr.Wang.5.Hedecidedtotryagain.找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）isisheardisdecided非谓语动词的句法作用非谓语动词主语宾语表语定语宾补状语不定式√√√√√√动名词√√√√现在分词√√√√过去分词√√√√非谓语动词的句法口诀•不定式本领强，六种成分都能当。•动名词不示弱，主宾表定用的上。•两分词互不让，表定状补争亮相。主语宾语表语定语状语补语不定式######动名词####分词####一、考查非谓语动词作主语能作主语的非谓语动词有不定式和动名词。二者的区别是：表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it作形式主语放在句首。1)Smokingisprohibited(禁止)here.2)Itisnotverygoodforyoutosmokesomuch.3)Collectinginformationisveryimportanttobusinessmen.4)Drivingacarduringtherushhouristiring.(抽象)(具体)It＋be＋名词/形容词＋todoIt＋be＋形容词forsb/ofsb＋todoIttakes/tooksb+时间+todoItisnecessary____________(spend)enoughtimeonEnglishifyouwanttolearnitwell.tospend1).Tomakeaplanfirstisagoodidea.=Itisagoodideatomakeaplanfirst.2).Ittakesthreehourstowalkthere.Itispossibleforhimtomastertheartofspeaking.Itwascarelessofhimtobreakthecoffeecup.=Hewascarelesstobreakthecoffeecup.2.动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语，但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。Itis/wasnouse/goodnotanyuse/goodoflittleuse/gooduseless+doingsth.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.Itisoflittlegoodstayinguptoolateeveryday.若主语和表语都是非谓语动词,应保持形式上的一致。Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.二、考查非谓语动词作宾语不定式和动名词都可作动词或介词的宾语。1.有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如：want,wish,hope,manage,demand,promise,refuse,pretend,plan,offer,decide,agree,expect等。2.有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如：admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,forgive,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,resist,risk,suggest,deny...1)Ican’tstand______withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses_____talkingwhilesheworks.A.working;stoppingB.towork;stoppingC.working;tostopD.towork;tostop2)Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk____thegoodopportunity.A.toloseB.losingC.tobelostD.beinglostCB3.有些动词如intend,start,continue后既可以跟不定式又可以跟动名词作宾语，意义上无多大区别。Iintendtofinish/finishingthetaskthismorning.但love,like,hate,prefer后接动名词表示经常性的行为；接不定式表示具体的行为。1).Ilike__________verymuch,butIdon'tlike_________thisafternoon.A.swimming,swimmingB.toswim,toswimC.swimming,toswimD.toswim,swimmingC2).LittleJimshouldlove__________tothetheatrethiseveningA.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.takingAA4.既可接不定式又可接动名词作宾语,但不定式用被动式的形式；动名词用主动式的形式。句子的意思没有差别。但句子得主语一般是一表物的名词或代词。这类动词主要有：want、need、require等。1)Yourwatchneedsrepairing\toberepaired.2)Thewindowsneedpaintingagain\tobepaintedagain.5.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有区别。如forget,remember,mean,regret,stop,try,goon,can’thelp等。remember/forget/regret+v-ing表已经发生的动作，remember/forget/regret+v-ing表动作还没有发生。meandoing意思是……；意味着……meantodo意欲，打算要做……stoptodo停下来要做……stopdoing停止正在做的动作trydoing试着做……trytodosth.试图做……can’thelpdoingsth.情不自禁，不禁can’thelp(to)dosth.不能帮忙做…1).Ifyouthinktreatingawomanwellmeansalways_____herpermissionforthings,thinkagain.A.getsB.gotC.togetD.getting2).Whenaskedbythepolice,hesaidthatheremembered_____attheparty,butnot______.A.toarrive;leavingB.toarrive;toleaveC.arriving;leavingD.arriving;toleaveDC6.1).Ihavenochoicebuttoacceptthefact.2).Isn’tittimeyougotdownto______thepapers?A.markB.bemarkedC.beingmarkedD.marking3).Victorapologizedfor_____toinformmeofthechangeintheplan.A.hisbeingnotableB.himnottobeableC.hisnotbeingableD.himtobenotable介词后可接动名词或不定式作宾语。DCPractice1)Asthetwentiethcenturycametoaclose,therawmaterialsforagreatnationalliteraturewereathand,waiting______.A.touseB.tobeusedC.tohaveusedD.tobeusing2)Afterhebecameconscious,heremembered______and_____ontheheadwitharod.A.toattack;hitB.tobeattacked;tobehitC.attacking;behitD.havingbeenattacked;hitBD下面从二个方面来复习非谓语动词1.非谓语动词的七大经典原则2.非谓语动词解题四大步骤非谓语动词题的做题技巧一.非谓语动词的七大经典原则原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式1.Whenaskedwhyhewentthere，hesaidhewassentthere_____foraspaceflight.A.trainingB.beingtrainedC.tohavetrainedD.tobetrained【解析】由于进行航空飞行训练是他被派往那儿的目的，所以要用不定式，因此可排除A和B。另外，由于“他”与“训练”为被动关系，故选D。2._____thiscake，you’llneed2eggs，175gsugarand175gflour.A.HavingmadeB.MakeC.TomakeD.Making3.Asthelightturnedgreen，Istoodforamoment，not_____，andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.A.movedB.movingC.tomoveD.Beingmoved【解析】由于与句子主语之间为主动关系，且表示当时持续了一会儿，故用-ing。句意为：当信号灯变绿时，我站在那儿一会儿没动，心想自己该怎么办。原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用-ing.4.Hesat_____toher______thestairs.A.tolisten;toclimbB.listening;toclimbC.listening;climbD.listening;toclimbing【解析】listen是伴随sat而同时由主语he发出的，所以用-ing作伴随状语；listento后跟不带to的不定式/-ing作宾补。listento…do/doing…用括号里的词的适当形式填空1.Writetotheeditor,________thattheeditorwouldbeabletohelpher．（hope）2.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstoppedthere_________onabigrock．(rest)3.Thesecretaryworkedlateintonight,_________alongspeech.(prepare)4._______warm,weshutallthewindows.(keep)preparingtoresthopingTokeep－ing形式作伴随状语与todo作目的状语的区别：作伴随状语的－ing形式与谓语动词的动作同时发生且前面常常带一逗号;而作目的状语的不定式的动作要在谓语动词的动作之后发生前面不能用逗号。原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式，其原则区别是，一般用-ing，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。5.Theglassdoorshavetakentheplaceofthewoodenonesattheentrance，_____inthenaturallightduringtheday.A.toletB.lettingC.letD.havinglet【解析]此处用-ing表示自然而然的结果。如：Itrainedheavily，