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Unit3LifeinthefutureGrammarPastparticiple(3)usedasAdverbial&Attribute过去分词过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可以充当状语、定语等成分。过去分词与现在分词作状语过去分词表完成、被动,与主句主语之间是被动关系;现在分词表进行,主动,与主句主语之间是主动关系。如果一个被动的动作发生在谓语动词之前,则可使用现在分词的完成被动式或过去分词。过去分词表完成、被动,作状语时,其逻辑主语是主句的主语,且与主语之间存在着被动关系。过去分词作状语可表时间,原因,让步,结果,方式,条件等。观察下列的句子:Oncepublished,hisworks(=Oncehisworkswaspublished,)becamefamousfortheabsenceofrhymeattheendofeachline.PP作时间状语,相当于一个时间状语从句有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。过去分词作时间状语1.Whenitisheated,icewillbechangedintowater.Whenheated,icewillbechangedintowater.2.Whenitisseenunderamicroscope,afreshsnowflakehasadelicatesix-pointed.Seenunderamicroscope,afreshsnowflakehasadelicatesix-pointedshape.过去分词作原因状语1.Since/Asshewasgivenadvicebythefamousdetective,theyoungladywasnolongerafraid.Givenadvicebythefamousdetective,theyoungladywasnolongerafraid.2.Becauseitwasdoneinahurry,hishomeworkwasfullofmistakes.Doneinahurry,hishomeworkwasfullofmistakes.过去分词作条件或者假设状语1.Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention,thecabbagescouldhavegrownbetter.Givenmoreattention,thecabbagescouldhavegrownbetter.2.IfIamcomparedwithyou,westillhavealongwaytogo.Comparedwithyou,westillhavealongwaytogo.作方式或伴随情况状语1.Thehunterlefthishouse,followedbyhisdog.Thehunterlefthishouse,andhewasfollowedbyhisdog.2.Shesatbythewindow,lostinthought.Shesatbythewindow,andshewaslostinthought.lost表示一种迷失心理状态1)过去分词在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语和让步状语等。2)过去分词作状语时,过去分词的逻辑主语与句子主语一致。Summary过去分词作状语:过去分词有两大特点：1.表示被动的动作；2.表示已经完成的动作,因此,当过去分词作状语的时候一定要搞清楚分词与主语的逻辑关系－－被动,例如:Rewritewithproperconjunctions1.Unitedwestand,dividedwefail.Ifweareunited,wewillstand,butifwearedivided,wewillfail.Example:2.Askedwhathadhappened,hetoldusaboutit.→Whenhewasaskedwhathadhappened,hetoldusaboutit.3.Wellknownforhisexpertadvice,hereceivedmanyinvitationstogivelectures.→Becausehewaswellknownforhisexpertadvice,hereceivedmanyinvitationstogivelectures.4.Givenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.Ifweweregivenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.5.OncetranslatedintoChinese,thebookbecameverypopularamongChineseteenagers.OnceitwastranslatedintoChinese,thebookbecameverypopularamongChineseteenagers.6.Deeplyinterestedinmedicine,shedecidedtobecomeadoctor.Becauseshewasdeeplyinterestedinmedicine,shedecidedtobecomeadoctor.7.Leftaloneathome,Samdidnotfeelafraidatall.Althoughhewasleftaloneathome，Samdidnotfeelafraidatall.用过去分词作状语来改写句子。1.AsIwasworriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.→_______________________,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.Worriedaboutthejourney2.Ifheisgiventime,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.→_________,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.3)AsIwasconfusedbythenewsurroundings,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.→______________________________,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.GiventimeConfusedbythenewsurroundings4)Whenhewasquestionedbythepoliceaboutthefire,hebecametense.→________________________________,hebecametense.QuestionedbythepoliceaboutthefireFindoutthesentenceswithsamemeaning.1.AsIwasworriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.Worriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.2.WhileIwasconfusedbythenewsurroundings,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.Confusedbythenewsurrounding,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.3.AsIwasexhausted,Islidintobedandfellfastasleep.Exhausted,Islidintobedandfellfastasleep.1.Followingtheoldman,wewentupstairs.—wefollowed(跟着那个老人,我们上去了)2.Followedbytheoldman,wewentupstairs.(wewere)(被那个老人跟着,我们上去了)Compare3.从上面看,体育场好像一个鸟巢。____fromthetop,thestadiumlookslikeabirdnest.A.SeeingB.Seen4.从太空看,宇航员看不到长城。____fromthespace,theastronautcannotdiscovertheGreatWall.A.SeeingB.SeenDifferencebetweenthePresentParticipleandthePastParticiple_____foralongtime,thebooklooksold.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧.______thebook,Ifindituseful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用.________ather,hejumpedwithjoy._______atbyher,hejumpedwithjoy.UsedUsingLookingLooked注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。CompleteeachsentenceusingthePastParticipleoftherightverb.1)_________bynoisesinthenight,thegirlnolongerdaretosleepinherroom.2)Theladyreturnedhome,________bytwopolicemen.frightentrapfollowshootFrightenedfollowed3)If_______inaburningbuilding,youshouldsendforhelp.4)Although____intheleg,hecontinuedfiringatthepolice.trappedshot过去分词作定语过去分词作定语与其所修饰的词之间存在着逻辑上的被动关系,且表示该动作已经完成。单个的过去分词作定语,通常置于被修饰的词的前面,而分词短语作定语,则须置于被修饰词的后面。Attention1.LastSundaywewentonanorganizedtriptotheforest.上星期我们组织了一次去森林的旅行。2.Aletterpostedtodaywillreachhimthedayaftertomorrow.今天发出的信后天就能收到。分词作定语可以转换成定语从句:•Heworkedasaworkerbuildingroads.(主动)=•Heworkedasaworkerwho/thatbuiltroads.•Thisisapicturepaintedbymyfather.(被动)=•Thisisapicturewhichwaspaintedbymyfather.•Iknowtheyoungmansleepingonthebench.(在进行)=•Iknowtheyoungmanwhoissleepingonthebench.•Thelettermailedlastnightwillreachhimtomorrow.(已完成)=•Theletterwhichwasmailedlastnightwillreachhimtomorrow.过去分词短语有时亦可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。Someofthem,bornandbroughtupincountryvillages,hadneverseenatrain.他们当中有一些人,生长在农村，从未见过火车。过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况:单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前,表示被动和完成意义。1.前置定语A.被动意义：anhonoredguest一位受尊敬的客人(受伤的工人)arenowbeingtakengoodcareofinthehospital.B.完成意义aretiredteacher一位退休的教师Theyarec