2018高考英语一轮复习语法专题强化训练

12018高考英语一轮复习语法专题讲练第一讲构词法一、构词法的分类1．派生法，即把词根加上前缀或后缀，得出一个新的单词。如：richadj.富有的→enrichv．丰富homen．家→homelessadj.无家可归的2．转换法，即同一单词具有多种词性，也即词性活用。如：backn．背→backv．支持slowadj.慢的→slowv．减慢Youcanusethe_waterintheditchtowatertheflowers.你可用沟里的水浇花。3．合成法，即由两个单词合成一个单词。如：blackboardn．黑板hand­madeadj.手工制作的二、派生词在高考英语试卷的语法填空题中，有两到三个小题涉及派生词。因此，我们此讲的重点为派生词。(一)名词后缀1．动词＋­ion/­tion/­sion→名词(表示动作或动作过程)correctv．改正；纠正correctionn．改正celebratev．庆祝celebrationn．庆祝；庆祝会concludev．完成；结束conclusionn．结论；结束2．动词＋­er/­or→名词(表示从事某种职业或进行某种活动的人)drivev．驾驶开车；驱赶drivern．司机；驾驶员gatherv．聚集；采集gatherern．收集者；采集者conductv．指挥；管理conductorn．指挥；售票员3．动词＋­ment→名词punishv．惩罚punishmentn．惩罚4．动词/形容词＋­th→名词warmadj.温暖的warmthn．温暖2growv．生长growthn．生长5．形容词＋­y→名词difficultadj.困难的difficultyn．困难honestadj.诚实的honestyn．诚实6．形容词＋­ness→名词kindadj.善良的kindnessn．善良7．动词＋­ance→名词annoyvt.使烦恼annoyancen．生气；烦恼8．­ship结尾的名词(表示身份、关系、资格)membern．成员；会员membershipn．会员资格professorn．教授professorshipn．教授身份9．­ing结尾的名词gardenn．花园gardeningn．园艺greetv．打招呼；问候greetingn．问候10．­age结尾的名词marryv．结婚marriagen．婚姻shortadj.短的shortagen.短缺强化训练一用所给单词的适当形式填空。Fromthe1.(express)onMary'sface，heknewheleftbad2.(impress)onherandifshewonthe3.(elect)tobecomechairmanoftheEnvironment4.(organize),hecouldnotgether5.________(permit)tojoinitalthoughhewaswillingtodohisbittoridtheworldof6.(pollute)andtohelppeopleenjoyabetterEarth.Whenhewaswonderinghowtochangethisembarrassingsituation,hegot7.(inspire)fromhiswife'swords.Yes,heshouldtryhisbesttowintheelectionandbecomechairmanhimselfwithhis8.________(determine)toworkfortheorganization.“Mydear,youarereallyawonderful9.(help)!I'msureIwillbethe10.(win)oftheelection.”Hesaidtohiswifeexcitedly.3ItwasreallyahardtimewhenLiPingfirstcametotheUnitedStates.His1.(earn)couldhardlycovertheexpenses,sowhenhiswifegave2.(bear)totheirseconddaughter,theycouldnotaffordenoughnutritiousfood.Soon，poornutritioncausedthe3.(die)ofthepoorbaby.4.(lonely)wasanotherproblembecausetheyhadno5.(relate)orfriendsthere.Thankstohis6.(brave)and7.(persevere),hemanagedtogainthe8.(citizen)oftheUnitedStatesandintheendhehadhispermanent9.________(settle).Healwaystellshischildrenlikethis：Perseveranceleadsto10.(happy)andsuccess.强化训练一A．1.expression2.impression3.election4.Organization5．permission6.pollution7.inspiration8.determination9．helper10.winnerB．1.earnings2.birth3.death4.Loneliness5．relations/relatives6.bravery7.perseverance8．citizenship9.settlement10.happiness(二)形容词、副词后缀1．常见形容词后缀(1)名词＋­al→形容词(表示有……属性，与……有关)。agriculturen．农业agriculturaladj.农业的(2)动词＋­ive→形容词。decidev．决定；下决心decisiveadj.决定性的；关键的(3)动词＋­able→形容词(表示能够，适于，值得)。changev．变化；兑换changeableadj.易变的；变化无常的(4)名词＋­ful→形容词。caren．小心；关心carefuladj.小心的；仔细的(5)名词＋­less→形容词(意思与原名词相反)。caren．小心；关心carelessadj.粗心的4(6)名词＋­ly→形容词。friendn．朋友friendlyadj.友好的(7)名词＋­y→形容词。dirtn．污物；脏物dirtyadj.脏的(8)名词＋­ous→形容词。dangern．危险dangerousadj.危险的2．副词后缀形容词＋­ly→副词。carefuladj.仔细的carefullyadv.仔细地3．复合形容词的构成(1)形容词＋­ing分词。easy­going随和的(2)形容词＋名词＋­ed。kind­hearted善良的；好心的(3)名词＋­ed分词。water­covered被水覆盖的(4)副词＋­ed分词。well­written写得好的(5)数词＋名词＋­ed。three­legged三条腿的强化训练二Ⅰ.阅读下列句子，写出画线单词的汉语意思。1．Youcanfindtheworld'slargestcarrentalcompanyinthatcountry.()2．Thegoodworkingconditioninthiscityisattractive．()3．Youcanrelyonhimbecauseheisreliable．()4．Herwordsstruckfearintoherheart，soshewassleeplessallnightlong,afraidofbeingkilledunexpectedlysomeday.()5．Itwasafrostycoldmorningwhenhesetofffortheremotevillage.()6．Asweknow，theAntarcticisanice­coveredcontinent.()7．EverybodysaysLilyisaneasy­goinggirl，soshehasmanyfriends.()58．Theoldman'ssunburntfacesuggestedhehadworkedhardinthefieldinsummer.()Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文。Lucylikestalkingandeverybodysayssheis1.(communicate).Sheis2.(act)inansweringtheteachers'questionsandfromtimetotimeherclassmatesfindheranswersquite3.(impress)and4.(accept).Ofcourse,noteverystudentlikesher,butshehasmanyfriendswhothinkLucyisa5.________(create)and6.(help)girl.Forexample,sheonceleda7.________(home)childtoherhomeandmadethechildheryoungersister.Besides,shespent8.(count)hourscaringforasickneighboruntilshewaswellagain.Sheis9.(friend)tothosewhohavedifficultywiththeirsubjects.Allinall,Lucyisthemost10.(fame)girlinherschool.强化训练二Ⅰ.1.租赁的2.吸引人的3.可依赖的；靠得住的4.没有睡觉的；不眠的5.有霜的6.冰雪覆盖的7.随和的8.被太阳晒黑的Ⅱ.1.communicative2.active3.impressive4．acceptable5.creative6.helpful7.homeless8．countless9.friendly10.famous(三)动词词缀1．前缀­en＋形容词→动词enrichv．丰富enlargev．变大；增大；扩大2．形容词＋­en→动词enlightenv．说明；阐明shortenv．缩短widenv．加宽3．­fy结尾的动词simplifyv．简化classifyv．归类4．­ize结尾的动词realizev.认识到popularizev．普及强化训练三Ⅰ.阅读下列句子，写出画线部分的意思。1．Extracurricularactivitiesenablethestudentstoknowhowtoapplytheknowledgelearnedinthetextbooks.()[来源:学科网]2．Thetwocountriesaretryingtheirbesttonormalize_their_relationship．()63．Somethinkthatstudyingabroadcanbroaden_their_horizon．()4．Youwillhorrifythebabyifyouspeaktooloudly.()Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空。1．Tryyourbestto(memory)thesenewwords.2．Thequestionmustbe(simple)sothatwecanfindoutasolutiontoit.3．Itcostsalotofmoneyifweplanto(pure)thewastewater.4．He(quick)hisstepstoarrivehomeearlier.5．Youcan(large)yourvocabularyifyoukeeponmemorizingsomenewwordseveryday.强化训练三Ⅰ.1.使能够2.使关系正常化3.拓宽视野4.使恐惧Ⅱ.1.memorize2.simplified