中考定语从句复习课件

Grammar定语从句复习课件定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(分词、介词短语、不定式通常放名词后面。下面举例）例：ThegirlbehindthetreeisKate.Themandrivingtoofastwasadrunk.定语从句在英语中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。例：ThegirlwhoisbehindthetreeisKate.Themanwhowasdrivingtoofastwasadrunk.先行词和关系词先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。先行词、关系词/引导词{对等}代替Thatisthebikewhichmyfatherboughtforme.先行词＝关系词bike关系词的作用：既引导定语从句，又在定语从句中充当某种成分。关系代词如何引导定语从句普通代词与关系代词的区别Ihaveasister.SheworksinShanghai.代替sisterIhaveasisterwho/thatworksinShanghai.普通代词：只起代替的作用（如上例she)关系代词：（如上例who/which）1.除了代替先行词外，2.它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分，3.同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。（把主句和从句连起来）说明如下Thebuildingisourschool.+Thebuildingstandsbytheriver.=Thebuildingwhich/thatstandsbytheriverisourschool.先行词关系词从句which、that是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词thebuilding,同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接起来。关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的人称、数必须和先行词一致。Thewomanthat/whoisspeakingatthemeetingismymother.(主句)Thewomanismymother(从句)Thewomanisspeakingatthemeeting.{主语是单数}Thewomenthat/whoarespeakingatthemeetingarefamousscientists.(主句)Thewomenarefamousscientists.(从句)Thewomenarespeakingatthemeeting.{主语是复数}关系词判断步骤:首先，要辨别出先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物,关系词可能用which或that然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表先行词主格宾格所有格人who,thatwho(m),thatwhose物which,thatwhich,thatwhose,ofwhich最后，要确定关系代词的人称和数(请看以上例句)关系代词的使用方法定语从句常用的关系代词有：that、who(m)、whose、which等。1.that多指物，在从句中作主语或作动词的宾语。（that/which作宾语时可省.）1)Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Aplaneisamachinewhichcanfly.2)Whowashurtintheaccidentthathappenedyesterday?Whowashurtintheaccidentwhichhappenedyesterday?3)Haveyoufoundthebikethatyoulost?Haveyoufoundthebikewhichyoulost?Haveyoufoundthebike省略youlost?2.which指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不可省略;作宾语可以省略。(which与that指物时可以互相代替，that更常见。）1)HisfatherworksinafactorythatmakesTVsets.HisfatherworksinafactorywhichmakesTVsets.2)Thefilmthatwesawlastnightwasverywonderful.Thefilmwhichwesawlastnightwasverywonderful.Thefilm省略wesawlastnightwasverywonderful.3.who指人(既它的先行词必须是人),在从句中作主语或宾语。但whom是宾格,只能作宾语。(that有时也指人.代替who,whom,可作主语或宾语)1)Thegirlswhoweren’tbadlyhurtintheaccidentaremyclassmates.Thegirlsthatweren’tbadlyhurtintheaccidentaremyclassmates.2)Heknewtheteacherwhowemetyesterday.Heknewtheteacherwhomwemetyesterday.Heknewtheteacher(that)wemetyesterday.4.whose是代词的所有格形式,它既可以代人也可以代物。Isawawoman.Herbagwasstolen.Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen.I’llcallaperson.Hisfatherknowsyou.I’llcallapersonwhosefatherknowsyou.Pleaseshowmethebook.Itscoverisred.Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisred.Ican’tfindthehouse.Myfriendlivesinit.Ican’tfindthehousewhosefriendlivesinit.1)Thisisthehero(whom)weareproudof.Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud.Thisisthehero(that)weareproudof.2)SheisthegirlwhomIwentwiththere.SheisthegirlwithwhomIwentthere.SheisthegirlthatIwentwiththere.Sheisthegirl省略Iwentwiththere.注意:固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前.例如:lookafter,lookat…关系代词与介词介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用which代物,和whom代人。(介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略)3)Theroom(that)Iliveinisverybig.Theroom(which)Iliveinisverybig.TheroominwhichIliveisverybig.TheroomwhereIliveisverybig.4).Iwanttofindthepen(that)Iwrotetheletterwith.Iwanttofindthepen(which)Iwrotetheletterwith.IwanttofindthepenwithwhichIwrotetheletter.Herearethepicture-booksthatthechildrenarelookingfor.Herearethepicture-bookswhichthechildrenarelookingfor.Herearethepicture-booksthechildrenarelookingfor.定语从句中需注意事项有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用which1.从句所修饰的词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时,只能用that引导从句.Thisisthemostinterestingstory(that)Ihaveeverheard.Thefirstmeeting(that)wewilltakepartinwillbeheldintheafternoon.2.先行词是all,something,nothing,anything不定代词时,只能用that.Hereissomething(that)Iwilltellyou.Notallthatglittersisgold.3.先行词既有人也有物时,只能用that引出从句Icanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepictures(that)Isee.附加部分————关系副词关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样，具有数种作用。o在从句中代替先行词。o在句中作状语。o连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的复合句。关系副词有三种：where:在从句中作地点状语,指代地点.(on/in/at…which)when:在从句中作时间状语,指代时间。(on/in…which)why:在从句中作原因状语,指代原因。thereasonwhy关系副词的用法：1.where的用法：(先行词应是地点名词）Thehotelwasn’tclean.+Westayed=Thehotelwherewestayedwasn’tclean.＝Thehotelatwhichwestayedwasn’tclean.＝Thehotelwhichwestayedatwasn’tclean＝Thehotel关系词略westayedatwasn’tclean.atthehotel.Westayedthere.先行词关系词＝2.when的用法：（先行词应是表示时间的名词）I’llneverforgettheday.+IjoinedtheLeagueonthatday.I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheLeague.I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheLeague.从句3.why的用法：(表示原因的名词)ThereasonwhyI’mcallingyouistoinviteyoutoaparty.I.把下列单句合并成含有定语从句的复合句.1.Thelittlegirlwascryingonthestreet.Hermoneyhadbeenstolen.2.Thecolourofthebikeisgreen.Haveyouseenthebike?3.Thestudentdidn’tagreewithus.Thestudentwasstandingunderthetree.4.Whereistheman?Themantalkedwithyoujustnow.5.Thewatchisverynice.Hegavemethewatchformybirthday.6.Thebookisveryinteresting.Youlentittomeyesterday.7.TheteacherisourEnglishteacher.Yousawherontheplayground.•Thelittlegirlwhosemoneyhadbeenstolenwascryingonthestreet.•Haveyouseenthebikewhosecolourisgreen.•Thestudentwhowasstandingunderthetreedidn’tagreewithus.•Whereisthemanwhotalkedwithyoujustnow?•Thewatch(that)hegavemeformybirthdayisverynice.•Thebook(that/which)youlentmeyesterdayisveryinteresting.•Theteacher(who/that)yousawontheplaygroundisourEnglishteach