短语1.天然无机化合物naturalinorganicsubstance2.化学组成chemicalcomposition3.原子组成atomicstructure4.有色金属矿石nonferrousores5.有用矿物valuablemineral6.脉石矿物ganguemineral7.给矿品位thefeedgrade8.非金属矿物non-metallicores9.沉积岩sedimentaryrock10.二氧化碳carbondioxide11.发电thegenerationofelectricity12.露天采矿openpitmining13.低灰分烟煤low-ashbituminouscoal14.挥发份volatileconstituents15.煤气化coalgasification16.直接液化directliquefaction17.煤质分析coalassay18.煤的化学性质chemicalpropertiesofcoal19.相对密度relativedensity20.粒度分布particlesizedistribution21.自磨autonomousgrinding22.燃烧实验specialcombustiontests23.灰分含量ashcontent24.高品级煤种high-rankcoals25.矿石粒度thesizeoftheore26.有用矿物粒度thegrainsofvaluableminerals27.细粒嵌布veryfinelydisseminatedintheore28.低品位矿石lowgradeores29.解离度degreeofliberation30.光化学性质opticalproperties31.磁性magneticproperties32.导电性electricalconductivityproperties33.连生颗粒theparticlesoflockedmineral34.最佳磨矿细度anoptimummeshofgrind35.破碎应力breakingstresses36.颗粒边界grainboundaries37.再磨beregroundto38.磨矿成本grindingcosts39.粗粒脉石thecoarsegangue40.单体颗粒liberatedparticles(以下为额外添加的单词)金刚石diamond石墨graphite原矿石run-of-mineore维护成本maintenancecosts强加于imposeson驱动轴driveshaft相对于relativeto把...固定在...上attachmentto矿物加工方法Mineralprocessingmethods粉碎原理Principlesofcomminution解离liberation富集concentration选择1.goldandplatinumD(nativeormetallicform)2.mostofmineralA(theircomposition)3.twomineralsthatB(quitedifferentphysicalproperties)4.graniteiscomposedA(different)P171、theyarereleaseorliberation2、whichiscalledconcentration3、whichinvolvescrushingandsometimesgrinding4、Over-grindingiswasteful5、somespecificdifferenceinphysicalorchemicalpropertiesbetweenthevaluableandgangue6、suchassizingoftheoreanddewateringofthemineralpulps英译汉1、Theabundanceofmetalsintheoceanisrelatedtosomeextenttothecrustalabundancies,sincetheyhavecomefromtheweatheringofthecrustalrocks.海洋中蕴含丰富的金属,在某种程度上与地壳的丰度有关,因为这些金属来自于地壳岩石的风化作用。2、Itisapparentthatifthemineralscontainingtheimportantmetalswereuniformlydistributedthroughouttheearth,theywouldbesothinlydispersedthattheireconomicextractionwouldbeimpossible.显然,如果含有重要金属的矿物是均匀的分布于地球,那么它们将如此稀疏的分散开来,以至于经济的开采是不可能的。3、Aparticularmineralmaybefoundmainlyinassociateswithgraniticrocks,ormaybefoundassociatedwithbothigneousandsedimentaryrocks,i.e.thoseproducedbythedepositionofmaterialarisingfromthemechanicalandchemicalweatheringofearlierrocksbywater,iceandchemicaldecay.一种特殊的矿物被发现主要与花岗岩共生在一起或者与岩浆岩和沉积岩共生在一起,即由于早期的岩石在水、冰和化学衰变的作用下,会产生力学和化学的风化作用,从而形成的矿床矿物。4、Adirectliquefactionprocess,Bergiusprocess(liquefactionbyhydrogenation),isalsoavailablebuthasnotbeenusedoutsideGermany,wheresuchprocesseswereoperatedbothduringWorldwarIandWorldWarⅡ.一种直接的碳的液化过程,即伯吉尤斯过程(通过氢化作用达到液化的目的),也仅仅是在一战和二战期间的德国内使用。5、Amongcommerciallymaturetechnologies,advantagesforindirectcoalLiquefactionoverdirectcoalLiquefactionarereportedbyWilliamsandlarson(2003).据威廉母斯和卡尔森在2003年报道,在商业化成熟的技术中,间接的碳的液化过程优于直接的碳的液化过程。6、Alloftheseliquidfuelproductionmethodsreleasecarbondioxide(CO2)intheconversionprocess,farmorethanisreleasedintheextractionandrefinementofliquidfuelproductionfrompetroleum.在碳的转化过程中,所有液态燃料的产生方式所释放出的CO2远远超过从石油中提取和提炼液态燃料产品所释放出的CO2.7、Estimatesarereportedforsitesinchinawherebreak-evencostforcoalliquefactionmaybeintherangefrom25to35USD/barrelofoil.据报道估计在中国的某些地方,碳的液化收支相抵的价格是每桶油25到35美元。8、Combustionofcoal,likeanyotherfossilfuel,producescarbondioxide(CO2)andnitrogenoxides(NOx)alongwithvaryingamountsofsulfurdioxide(SO2)dependingonwhereitwasmined.煤的燃烧像其他任何化石燃料一样,产生CO2和氮氧化物,并且伴随变化的SO2量,SO2的含量取决于煤炭的开采地。9、Sulfurdioxidereactswithoxygentoformsulfurtrioxide(SO3),whichthenreactswithwatertoformsulfuricacid.Thesulfuricacidisreturnedtotheearthasacidrain.SO2和O2反应生成SO3,然后SO3与水反应生成硫酸,硫酸又以酸雨的形式返回大地。10、Jetisageologicalmaterialnotconsideredatruemineral,butratheramineraloidderivedfromdecayingwoodunderextremepressure,andthusorganic.煤精是一种地质材料,并不被认为是一种真正的矿物,却可以被认为是准矿物,在极端的压力作用下从腐朽的木材中得到,因此是一种有机的准矿物11、Ashfusiontemperaturesaredeterminedbyviewingamouldedspecimenofthecoalashthroughanobservationwindowinahigh-temperaturefurnace.熔融的煤灰温度是通过高温熔炉的观察窗观察煤灰来确定模子的形状12、Iftheorecontainsworthwhileamountsofmorethanonevaluablemineral,itisusuallytheobjectofmineralprocessingtoseparatethem.如果矿石中含有大量的多于一种有价值的矿物,那么通常情况下对矿物的分选是矿物加工的目的.13、Similarlyifundesirableminerals,whichmayinterferewithsubsequentrefiningprocess,arepresent,itmaybenecessarytoremovethesemineralstheseparationstage.类似情况下,如果矿石中有不需要的矿物存在,即可能干涉接下来提炼过程的矿物存在,那么在分选阶段去除这些矿石是必要的。14、Apartfromeconomicsenergyconsumptionisofparamountimportance,sincealthoughtheworldhasamplemineraldepositstomeetthedemandformostcommonmetalsforthetestofthecentury,ithasbeenpredicted,thattherewillnotbeenoughenergytoproducethesemetals.除了从经济方面考虑以外,能量消耗也是极为重要的问题,因为虽然世界上有丰富的矿物储备,能够满足本世纪接下来时间最普通的金属需求,但是据预测没有足够的能量来生产这些金属。15、However,inthemajorityofcasestheenergyconsumedindirectsmeltingorleachingoflow-gradeoreswouldbesoenormousastomakethecostprohibitive然而在大量的事例中,消耗在熔炼和低品味矿石浓缩上的能量是如此之大,以至于使得代价十分昂贵。16、Mineralprocessingreducesthebulkandweightofmaterialwhichmustbetransportedtothesmelter,thusreducingshippingandhandingcosts;矿物加工减少了必须运输到冶炼厂的原材料的体积和重量,因此减少了运输和处理的费用,由于减少了必须处理的原材料吨位,所以冶炼费用大大减少;由于非常少的金属炉渣的生成,所以使得不必要废料的减少