西安市新悦大酒店空调工程设计一、原始资料(1)建筑概况该建筑物位于西安市,主要功能为大酒店,有商铺、餐厅、标准间、会议室及办公室等功能间。该建筑物位于北纬34度18分,东经108度56分。(2)气象参数室外计算参数年平均温度:13.3℃;夏季室外计算温度:35.2℃;夏季空调室外计算湿球温度:26.0℃;冬季室外计算温度:-8;室外风速:冬季平均,1.8m/s;夏季平均,2.2m/s;全年主导风向:东北风,频率:14%;最大冻土深度:45cm。室内计算参数室内温度/℃相对湿度/℅新风量/m3/(h·人)夏冬夏冬商铺261865—5550—4020办公室261865—5550—4030餐厅241865—5550—4030雅间241865—55`50—4030标准间261865—5050—4030会议室261865—5050—4030(3)土建资料外墙与屋顶的选择1、防结露外墙与屋顶的选择按下式确定的最小传热热阻Romin(m²ºC/W)nwnoRtnttR)(min(1-1)式中minoR——围护结构的最小传热阻(m2oc/w);tn---冬季室内计算温度(℃);tw---冬季围护结构室外计算温度(℃);n---围护结构温差修正系数(本设计取1.0);Rn---内表面换热热阻,(取0.11m2oc/m);△t---室内空气与围护结构内表面之间的允许温度,外墙取7.0ºC,屋顶取5.5ºC。2、建筑节能传热系数屋面≤0.55W/(m2•K)外墙≤0.60W/(m2•K)内墙、屋顶与窗的选择表1-1围护结构的地点修正值td城市SWNE水平西安0.50.91.80.90.4玻璃窗的地点修正值td(ºC)为2ºC。照明与人员密度的确定人员数的确定是根据各房间的使用功能及使用单位提出的要求确定的。照明由建筑电气专业提供,照明设备为明装荧光灯,镇流器设置空调房间内,利用自然通风散热于顶棚内。各类型房间标准如下所示表1-2人员与照明房间类型照明(W/m2)人员密度(人/m2)商铺20-400.2-0.7办公室20-550.14餐厅500.5-1.2雅间500.5-1.2会议室20-550.2-0.5标准间202人二、空调负荷计算2.1夏季冷负荷冷负荷计算是空调设计及合理选用空调设备的主要依据。从性质上来看,空调冷负荷可分为围护结构冷负荷和室内冷负荷。本设计中利用冷负荷系数法计算空调冷负荷。2.1.1外墙和屋面瞬变传热引起的冷负荷Qc(τ)=AK[(tc(τ)+td)kαkρ-tR]式中Qc(τ)—外墙和屋面瞬变传热引起的逐时冷负荷,W;A—外墙和屋面的面积,m2;K—外墙和屋面的传热系数,W/(m2·℃),由《暖通空调》附录2-2和附录2-3查取;tR—室内计算温度,℃;tc(τ)—外墙和屋面冷负荷计算温度的逐时值,℃,由《暖通空调》附录2-4和附录2-5查取;td—地点修正值,由《暖通空调》附录2-6查取;kα—吸收系数修正值,取kα=1.0;kρ—外表面换热系数修正值,取kρ=0.9;2.1.2内围护结构冷负荷Qc(τ)=AiKi(to.m+Δtα-tR)式中ki—内围护结构传热系数,W/(m2·℃);Ai—内围护结构的面积,m2;to.m—夏季空调室外计算日平均温度,℃;Δtα—附加温升,可按《暖通空调》表2-10查取。2.1.3外玻璃窗瞬变传热引起的冷负荷Qc(τ)=cwKwAw(tc(τ)+td—tR)式中Qc(τ)—外玻璃窗瞬变传热引起的冷负荷,W;Kw—外玻璃窗传热系数,W/(m2·℃),由《暖通空调》附录2-7和附录2-8查得;Aw—窗口面积,m2;tc(τ)—外玻璃窗的冷负荷温度的逐时值,℃,由《暖通空调》附录2-10查得;cw—玻璃窗传热系数的修正值;由《暖通空调》附录2-9查得;td—地点修正值,由《暖通空调》附录2-11查得。2.1.4透过玻璃窗的日射得热一起的冷负荷Qc(τ)=CαAwCsCiDjmaxCLQQc(τ)=CαAwCsCiDjmaxCLQ式中Cα—有效面积系数,由《暖通空调》附录2-15查得;Aw—窗口面积,m2;Cs—窗玻璃的遮阳系数,由《暖通空调》附录2-13查得;Ci—窗内遮阳设施的遮阳系数,由《暖通空调》附录2-14查得;Djmax—日射得热因数,由《暖通空调》附录2-12查得;CLQ—窗玻璃冷负荷系数,无因次,由《暖通空调》附录2-16至附录2-19查得。2.1.5照明散热形成的冷负荷白炽灯Qc(τ)=1000NCLQ日光灯Qc(τ)=1000n1n2NCLQ式中N—照明灯具所需功率,W;n1—镇流器消耗功率稀疏,明装时,n1=1.2,暗装时,n1=1.0;n2—灯罩隔热系数,灯罩有通风孔时,n2=0.5—0.6;无通风孔时,n2=0.6—0.8;CLQ—照明散热冷负荷系数,由《暖通空调》附录2-22查得。2.1.6人体散热形成的冷负荷1、人体显热散热形成的冷负荷Qc(τ)=qsnφCLQ式中qs—不同室温和劳动性质成年男子显热散热量,W,由《暖通空调》表2-13查得;n—室内全部人数;φ—群集系数,由《暖通空调》表2-12查得;CLQ—人体显热散热冷负荷系数,由《暖通空调》附录2-23查得;2、人体潜热散热引起的冷负荷Qc(τ)=qlnφ式中ql—不同室温和劳动性质成年男子潜热散热量,W,由《暖通空调》表2-13查得;n,φ—同式3-6-1。下面以801为例计算冷负荷:屋顶冷负荷时间间间08:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00tc(τ)38.137.036.135.635.636.037.038.440.141.943.7td0.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.4kα1.041.041.041.041.041.041.041.041.041.041.04kρ1.01.01.01.01.01.01.01.01.01.01.0t'c(τ)40.0438.9037.9637.4437.4437.8638.9040.3542.1243.9945.86tR2626262626262626262626K0.530.530.530.530.530.530.530.530.530.530.53A24.38424.38424.38424.38424.38424.38424.38424.38424.38424.38424.384Qc(τ)181.45166.66154.57147.85147.85153.22166.66185.48208.33232.52256.71南外墙冷负荷时间08:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00tc(τ)33.231.530.930.530.430.631.332.333.534.936.3td0.5kα1.041.041.041.041.041.041.041.041.041.041.04kρ1.01.01.01.01.01.01.01.01.01.01.0t'c(τ)35.0533.2832.6632.2432.1432.3433.0734.1135.3636.8238.27tR2626262626262626262626∆t9.057.286.666.246.146.347.078.119.3610.8212.27K0.560.560.560.560.560.560.560.560.560.560.56A6.566.566.566.566.566.566.566.566.566.566.56Qc(τ)33.2426.7424.4522.9222.5423.3125.9829.8034.3839.7345.08东外墙冷负荷时间08:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00tc(τ)32.532.132.132.834.135.637.238.539.540.240.5td0.90.90.90.90.90.90.90.90.90.90.9kα1.041.041.041.041.041.041.041.041.041.041.04kρ1.01.01.01.01.01.01.01.01.01.01.0t'c(τ)34.7434.3234.3235.0536.4037.9639.6240.9842.0242.7443.06tR26262626262626262626K0.560.560.560.560.560.560.560.560.56A25.1125.1125.1125.1125.1125.1125.1125.11Qc(τ)122.84116.99116.99127.23146.24168.18191.58210.59225.21235.45239.83南外窗瞬时传热冷负荷时间08:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00tc(τ)26.927.929.029.930.831.531.932.232.232.031.6td22222222222tR2626262626262626262626K3.5163.5163.5163.5163.5163.5163.5163.5163.5163.5163.516A3.363.363.363.363.363.363.363.363.363.363.36Qc(τ)34.2646.0759.0769.7080.3388.6093.3396.8796.8794.5189.78南外窗日射得热冷负荷时间08:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00CLQ0.260.400.580.720.840.800.620.450.320.240.16Djmax251251251251251251251251251251251Cc,s0.390.390.390.390.390.390.390.390.390.390.39Aw2.522.522.522.522.522.522.522.522.522.522.52Qc(τ)64.1498.67143.08177.61207.21197.35152.94111.0178.9459.2039.47照明散热形成的冷负荷时间08:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00CLQ0.710.740.760.790.810.830.840.860.870.290.26n11.21.21.21.21.21.21.21.21.21.21.2n20.60.60.60.60.60.60.60.60.60.60.6N200200200200200200200200200200200Qc(τ)102.24106.56109.44113.76116.64119.52120.96123.84125.2841.7637.44人员散热引起的冷负荷qsnφCLQmaxQc(τ)qlQc总60.520.930.89100.1573.3136.34236.49各分项逐时冷负荷汇总表时间08:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00屋顶181.45166.66154.57147.85147.85153.22166.66185.48208.33232.52256.71南外墙33.2426.7424.4522.9222.5423.3125.9829.8034.3839.7345.08东外墙122.84116.99116.99127.23146.24168.18191.58210.59225.21235.45239.83窗传热34.2646.0759.0769.7080.3388.6093.3396.8796.8794.5189.78窗日射64.1498.6714