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Non-restrictiveattributiveclausesBecauseyoulovedmeLeadingin为了你更正的所有错误为了你使之成真的每一个梦想为了你给我的全部的爱ForallthosetimesyoustoodbymeForallthetruth____youmademeseeForallthejoyyoubroughttomylifeForallthewrong____youmaderightForeverydreamyoumadecometrueForalltheloveIfoundinyouI'llbeforeverthankfulbabyYou'retheone_____heldmeupNeverletmefallYou'retheone____sawmethroughThroughitallwhowho为了无数次你的支持为了所有你让我明白的真理为了你带给我的无穷欢乐是你让我振作起来是你伴我度过thatthatThegirlhasabag,whichisred.Thegirlhasabagwhichisred.非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句这个女孩有一个包，是红色的。（隐含的意义：只有一个）Discovering这个女孩有一个红色的包。(隐含的意义：也许还有其他颜色的包)Jimdoesn'tliketoaskquestionswhichmakehisteacherangry.Jimdoesn'tliketoaskquestions,whichmakeshisteacherangry.限制性定语从句吉姆不喜欢问使老师生气的问题。（which修饰questions）非限制性定语从句吉姆不喜欢问问题，这让老师很生气。（which修饰前面的整个句子）•Xi’anisaverybeautifulcity(which)Ivisitedlastyear.•Xi’an,whichIvisitedlastyear,isaniceoldcity.关系词不可省略限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上意义上作用上不用逗号用逗号去掉后句意不完整去掉后，句意完整译为“…的”可译为并列句翻译时关系词Comparing非限制性定语从句中关系词的指代关系指人指物在定语从句中的作用WhoWhomWhichwhose√√主语主语宾语定语√√√宾语指代整个主句关系副词(where,when)的指代关系指地点指时间在定语从句中的作用WhereWhen√√时间状语地点状语that,why不能在非限制性定语从句中使用。tip介词+which•有一个美丽的小女孩，她的名字叫做小薇。•ThereisaprettygirlwhosenameisXiaowei.•遥远的东方有一条江，它的名字就叫长江。•InthedistantEast,thereisariverwhosenameisYangtzeRiver.•你说我像云，捉摸不定。•YousaidIwaslikeacloud，whichishardtounderstand.TranslatethelyricsintoEnglish2020/2/14非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that引导。非限制性定语从句中，关系词不可省略。如：•a)Rome,whichisthecapitalofItaly,hasaverylonghistory.•意大利的首都罗马历史非常悠久。2020/2/14•b)YesterdayImetProfessorKing,•whocamefromtheUniversityofLondon.•昨天我遇见金教授，他从伦敦大学来的。•c)Helentmeadictionary,whichwasjustwhatIneeded.•他借给我一本词典，这正是我所需要的。2020/2/141.A.ThisistheplacewhereIlivedtenyearsago.B.Theschool,whereIoncestudied,wasbuiltthirtyyearsago.2.A.HeisamanwhoIcanaskforhelp.B.Hisfather,whoworksinBeijing,camebackyesterday限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，如果去掉从句，剩余部分意义不完整；非限制性定语从句只是先行词的附加说明，如果去掉从句，意义仍然完整。2020/2/14Fillintheblankswithproperrelativewords.1.Thefamousbasketballstar,_____isanAmerican,cametoChinayesterday.2.Inthosedays,sheusedtogotoMrblack,with_____shehadawonderfultime.3.Iboughtacaryesterday,_____costmealot.4.Xi’an,______Ivisitedlastyear,isaniceoldcity.5.HewillcometoseemenextJuly,_____hewon’tbesobusy.6.Theschool,_______Ioncestudied,wasbuiltthirtyyearsago.7.Johnsaidhe’dbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour,_______wastrue.whowhomwhichwhichwhenwherewhich2020/2/14大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语,而有时非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句,此时非限制性定语从句常由which引导。eg.Amiddle-agedwomankilledherhusband,whichfrightenedmeverymuch.一个中年女子杀害了其丈夫,这事令我十分恐惧。eg.Afive-year-oldboycanspeaktwoforeignlanguages,whichsurprisesallthepeoplepresent.一个五岁的男孩会讲两门外语,令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。2020/2/14Hetoldmeastory,whichisalreadyknowntoall.Hecamelate,whichmadetheteacherangry.Hemissedthemovie,whichwasagreatpity.品读规律Tomfoundtheancientbook,whichwasbroken.Asissaidinthenewspaper,twofarmerssawtheUFOinthefield.Ilikethehouse,whosewindowsfacethesea.先行词指物,在从句中做主或宾语,用关系词which,不能用thatAs引导的非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前，也可放在主句后面。先行词在从句做定语,用关系词whoseThesunrisesintheeast,aseveryoneknows.2020/2/14介词+关系代词,介词的选用,要根据从句的谓语动词的构成。PeoplewillrememberAugust8th,2008,when29thOlympicGameswasheldinBeijing.先行词在从句中做时间状语,用when或介词+which。Cindyisalovelygirl,withwhommanypeopleliketomakefriends.2020/2/14As在引导非限制性定语从句中，可指代整个主句内容，并有“正如、像……一样”的含义，其位置可放在主句前面，也可放在后面。而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后，且无“正如”之意。Asweallknow,heisafamousscientist.Asiswellknowntoall,TaiwanisapartofChina.试比较下面两个句子。Hewentabroad,__________wasexpected.Hewentabroad,__________wasunexpected.aswhich当从句是否定句或表示否定意义时，只能用which引导。2020/2/14常与as连用的词有know,see,expect,pointout等。as引导的非限制性定语从句一些固定句型：ashasbeensaidbefore如上所述;asmaybeimagined正如可以想象出来的那样;asiswellknown众所周知;aswasexpected正如预料的那样;ashasbeenalreadypointedout正如已经指出的那样;asweallcansee正如我们都会看到的那样Practice(高考题）1.________isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What2.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,________ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichisB.whereisC.whoisD.thatis3.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears______Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,__________hasagreateffectonmylife.A.that;whichB.when;whichC.which;thatD.when;whoBAB4.Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,______hewentontoCambridge.A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthis5．Ihavemanyfriends,_____somearebusinessmenA．ofthemB．fromwhichC．whoofD．ofwhom.CDAfriendAfriendisnotjustsomeonetowhomyousay“Hello”.Afriendisashoulderonwhichyoucancryon.Afriendisawellintowhichyoucanpourallyourtroublesdown.Afriendisahandwhichpullsyouupfromdarkness.Atruefriendisavoicewhichkeepsyournamealive.Butmostofallafriendisaheart,fromwhichcomesthegreatestlove.EnjoyingandtranslatingReadandfindouttheattributiveclause.ThentrytotranslatethemintoChinese.Afriendisnotjustsomeonetowhomyousay“Hello”.朋友，不仅仅是一个见了面说声“你好”的人。Afriendisashoulderonwhichyoucancryon.朋友，是你能依偎着轻轻哭泣的肩膀。Afriendisawellintowhichyoucanpourallyourtroublesdown.朋友，是容纳你所有烦恼的一口深井。Afriendisahandwhichpullsyouupfromdarkness.朋友，是把你从黑暗中救出来的一只手。Atruefriendisavoicewhichkeepsyournamealive.真正的朋友是一个永远回荡着你的名字的声音。Butmostofallafriendisaheart,fromwhichcomesthegreatestlove.最重要的是，朋友是一颗心，让我们拥有伟大的爱。