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1牛津英语模块1至模块4语法总结及练习第一单元一定语从句：定语从句的介绍1.就像是一个形容词或介词短语修饰名词一样，定语从句也可以修饰名词。定语从句所修饰的名词称为先行词。形容词：Thegreenteam介词短语：Theteamingreen定语从句：Theteamwhowerewearinggreen2.定语从句通常由关系代词来引导，如which,that,who,whom,whose,或关系副词来引导，如when,where,why。关系代词可以在定语从句中担当主语，宾语，表语，定语；关系副词可以在定语从句中担当状语。如：做主语Thetreeswhichareontheschoolcampushavelosttheirleaves.做宾语Thestudentwhomwesawjustnowisthebestrunnerinourschool.做表语Jackisnolongerthelazyboythatheusedtobe.做定语ShehasabrotherwhosenameIcan’tremember.做状语TheschoolwherehestudiedisinShenzhen.二定语从句：关系代词：that，which，who，whom，和whose1.在定语从句中，that和which用来指代物。eg：Thisisthestorythat/whichwewroteforourstorytellingcontest.2.在定语从句中，who用来指代人。eg：IamgoingtoseeafriendwhohasjustcomebackfromtheUK.3.当who在定语从句中做宾语时，可以用whom来取代，且whom比who更正式。eg：Idon’tknowthenameoftheteacherwho/whomIsawinthecomputerroomtheotherday.4.当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时，who，whom，which和that可以被省略。eg：Helikesallthebirthdaypresents(that/which)hisfriendsgavehim.5.Whose用来表示所属，它既可指人也可指物。eg：IsatnexttoagirlwhosenamewasDiane.TheclubwhosemembersaremusicfansmeetintheschoolgardeneverySaturdayafternoon.第二单元一定语从句：介词提前的定语从句（preposition＋which;preposition＋whom）1.当关系代词（which/whom）做定语从句中介词的宾语时，可以把介词提到关系代词的前面。eg：Wethoughtyouwereapersonfromwhomwecouldexpectgooddecisions.2.在非正式英语中，介词通常放在定语从句的最后。2eg：ArtisthesubjectwhichIknowlittleabout.3.如果介词放在定语从句的最后，which可以被that取代，whom可以被that和who取代。eg：Dadisapersonwhom/that/whoIcaneasilytalkto.4.当关系代词做定语从句中介词的宾语，并且介词又放在定语从句的末尾时，我们通常省略关系代词who和that。eg：Thetopic(which)EricisinterestedinisPhysics.Danielistheperson(whom)Iwanttomakefriendswith.5.当先行词是way时，我们用inwhich或that来引导定语从句，这种情况下，inwhich或that可以被省略。eg：Ididn’tliketheway(that/inwhich)shetalkedtome.二定语从句：关系副词：when，where，why1．我们通常用关系副词when引导先行词是time，moment，day，season，year等的定语从句。eg：Doyourememberthedaywhenweleftyouincharge?IoftenthinkofthemomentwhenIsawtheUFO.2．我们通常用关系副词where引导先行词是place，house，city，country，city，world等的定语从句。eg：Thepolicesearchedthehousewherethethiefhadstayed.Thisisnotafamilywherebadbehaviorgoesunpunished.3．我们通常用关系副词why引导先行词是reason的定语从句。eg：Idon’tknowthereasonwhythehouseissodirty.4．在更加正式的英语中，where，when和why能够被介词＋which所替代。eg：Thestudyistheplacewhere/inwhichIoftenhavetalkswithmyfather.Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichmyparentsgothomeearlier.Itrainedthewholedaywhen/onwhichhetraveledwithhisfamily.第三单元一定语从句：非限制性定语从句1．非限制性定语从句是一个为主句添加额外信息的从句，在非限制性定语从句前通常有个逗号。eg：Amy,whotookweight-losspills,nowrealizesthathealthisimportant.Mypillsareinthebathroom,whereIalwayskeepthem.2．当先行词是整个主句时，可以用which来引导定语从句。eg：Hemissedtheshow,whichwasagreatpity.3．我们可以用all＋whom/which来表示全部数量，用someof＋whom/which来表示部分数量。eg：Iamdoingdifferenttypesofexercises,allofwhicharequitehelpfultomyhealth.Manypeople,someofwhomarenotoverweight,aregoingondiet.定语从句练习1.Isthisthefactory__________youvisitedtheotherday?3A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone2.Isthisfactory__________someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone3.Isthisthefactory__________heworkedtenyearsago?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone4.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces__________couldn’tbefound.A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.inthat5.Thefreezingpointisthetemperature__________waterchangesintoice.A.atwhichB.onthatC.inwhichD.ofwhat6.Thereasonis__________heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.whether7.I’lltellyou__________hetoldmelastweek.A.allwhichB.thatC.allthatD.which8.Thattree,__________branchesarealmostbare,isveryold.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich9.Ihaveboughtthesamedress__________sheiswearing.A.asB.thatC.whichD.what10.We’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist_________wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that11.Anyone__________thisopinionmayspeakout.A.thatagainstsB.thatagainstC.whoisagainstD.whoareagainst12.Didn’tyouseetheman__________?InoddedjustnowB.whomInoddedjustnowC.InoddedtohimjustnowD.Inoddedtojustnow13.Isthereanything__________toyou?A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongsC.thatbelongD.whichbelongs14.----“Howdoyoulikethebook?”----“It’squitedifferentfrom__________Ireadlastmonth.”A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat415.Mr.Zhanggavethetextbooktoallthepupilsexcept__________whohadalreadytakenthem.A.theonesB.onesC.someD.theothers16.Thetrain__________shewastravellingwaslate.A.whichB.whereC.onwhichD.inthat17.It’sthethirdtime__________latethismonth.A.thatyouarrivedB.whenyouarrivedC.thatyou’vearrivedD.whenyou’vearrived18.Maythefourthistheday__________weChinesepeoplewillneverforget.A.whichB.whenC.onwhichD.aboutwhich19.Isitinthatfactory__________“RedFlag”carsareproduced?A.inwhichB.whereC.whichD.that20.HemustbefromAfrica,__________canbeseenfromhisskin.A.thatB.asC.whoD.what21.Hehastwosons,__________workaschemists.A.twoofwhomB.bothofwhomC.bothofwhichD.allofwhom22.I,__________yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.A.whoisB.whoamC.thatisD.whatis23.Idon’tlike__________youspeaktoher.A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich24.Thetwothings______theyfeltveryproudareJim’sgoldwatchandDella’shair.A.aboutwhichB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.forwhich25.Doyouknowwhichhotel__________?A.sheisstayingB.sheisstayinginC.isshestayingD.isshestayingin26.Whocanthinkofasituation__________thisidiomcanbeused?A.whichB.