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WhereIstheNewsLeadingUs?Group3尹岩张佳欣赵珺雅黄旭陶虹樊清雅张天翊NormanCousinsOPEC中文名称：石油输出国组织英文名称：OrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountriesAgroupofcountriesthatproduceoilandplantogetherhowtosellit.成立于1960年9月14日，1962年11月6日欧佩克在联合国秘书处备案，成为正式的国际组织。其宗旨是协调和统一成员国的石油政策，维护各自的和共同的利益。现有11个成员国是：沙特阿拉伯、伊拉克、伊朗、科威特、阿拉伯联合酋长国、卡塔尔、利比亚、尼日利亚、阿尔及利亚、印度尼西亚和委内瑞拉。LibraryWork:YMCA中文名称：基督教青年会英文名称：AbbreviationofYoungMen’sChristianAssociationAninternationalorganizationthatpromotesthespiritual,intellectual,social,andphysicalwelfareofyoungChristians基督教青年会是全球性基督教青年社会服务团体，已具有160多年的历史。中国基督教青年会创建于1895年，并存在至今，其努力目标是“发扬基督精神，团结青年同志，养成完美人格，建设完美社会。”“不但注意个人的灵德，而且还看重体、智、群三方面的提练.WalterLippmann（李普曼）(1889-1947)U.S.journalistandpoliticalphilosopher,wasknownforhiswritingsoncourrentsocialandpoliticaleventsandphenomena.Hiswidelysyndicatedcolumn“TodayandTomorrow”fortheNewYorkHeraldTribune(《纽约先驱论坛报》)wasreadbymillionsforSeptember1931untilhisretirementin1967.美国专栏作家，政论家。1889年9月23日生于纽约，1974年12月14日卒于同地。毕业于哈佛大学。1910年开始从事新闻工作。1921～1931年任纽约《世界报》编辑、主编。9年间撰写社论1200余篇。1931年为《纽约先驱论坛报》撰写“今日与明日”专栏，被国内外250多家报纸转载。1963年1月，“今日与明日”转到《新闻周刊》刊载。1967年3月25日刊出最后一期专栏。该专栏在美国报业史上历时最久，影响最大，深受国内外重视。1967年退休后，继续为《新闻周刊》撰写评论。一生著作近30种。曾两次获普利策奖。Theauthor:NormanCousins:U.s.editorandauthor,isoneofthemostinfluentialmagazineeditorsofthetwentiethcentury.HewastheeditoroftheSaturdayReviewfrom1940to1971.Hewasapowerfuladvocateofworldgovernment.News:1.Informationaboutrecenteventsorhappenings,especiallyasreportedbynewspapers,periodicals,radio,ortelevision.2.Apresentationofsuchinformation,asinanewspaperoronanewscast.在我国新闻学术界，最权威的新闻定义，是1943年陆定一提出的，“新闻的定义，就是新近发生事实的报道。”范长江也对新闻下了一个定义，“新闻就是广大群众欲知应知而未知的重要事实”。王中教授引入传播学概念，把新闻定义为“新近变动的事实的传布”。另外甘惜分教授把新闻定义为“报道或评述最新的重要事实以影响舆论的特殊手段”。NEWS代表North（北）East（东）West（西）South（南）四个方向。寓意NEWS能向国际四方发展，并有「新信讯」的意味。TheGeneralCharacteristicsofNewsFacticity真实性Timeliness时效性Accuracy准确性Simplicity简明性Valuable价值性立场：观点鲜明内容：真实具体反应：迅速及时语言：简洁准确ClassificationoftheNews:Accordingtothecontent：politicalnews;economicnews;sportsnews…Accordingtotheplace：internationalnews；NationalNews；LocalNews…Accordingtothetime：breakingnews（对出乎人们预料而突然爆发的事件的报道）；delayednews（对逐步发生变化的时间的报道）Accordngtotherelationship：hardnews（newsthatdealswithserioustopicsorevents）；softnews（backgroundinformationorhumanintereststories）Doyoupayattentiontothenews？Whyorwhynot？Inwhichwaydoyouacquirethenews?Whereisthenewsleadingus?Organizationofthetext•PartI:(Para1-5)•narration—thesetting&personsintheissue•PartII:(Para6--8)•Validity—throughargumentgivenotionsof“news”“civilization”“progress”“positivenews”•PartIII:(Para9-13)•example—supportingarguments’developmentOrganizationofthetext•PartI:(Para1-5)•IntroducingthetopicbyreferringtoaquestionraisedinapublicsymposiumOrganizationofthetext•PartII:(Para6--8)•Bydefiningtheword“news”,theauthorexplainswhy“badnews”isalwaysreportedwhile“goodnews”overlooked.Organizationofthetext•PartIII:(Para9-13)•Theauthorarguesthatthemediaareobligedtoserveasthe“publicphilosopher”,responsibleforaffectingthepublicattitudeintherightmanner.Textanalysis•PartI:(Para1-5)•Para1:Anintroductionofthepublicsymposiumandtheothertwospeakers.•Waysandmeans—methods&resourcesTextanalysis•Para2:Thepurposeofthesymposium.•Scrutinize—toexaminecloselyandminutelyTextanalysis•Para3:Thequestionaskedbythegentleman•Prone—tendingtoshowaparticularnegativecharacteristic.•E.g.Disaster-prone=tendingtoreportdisasters•Injury-prone=oftengettinginjuriesTextanalysis•Para4:TheanswerandthereactionbytheanchormanandtheeditorTextanalysis•Para5:Theauthorinterpretsthequestionraisedbythegentlemanandtheanswergivenbytheanchorman.•Downsidenews--newsofanegativenature•Lastsentenceisthederivationoffollowingargument.SecondSection:Para6~8•Para6~7•Theauthorgiveshisdefinitionof“news”.•Thedefinitionhelpstoexplainpartlywhy“badnews”ismostlyreportedwhereas“goodnews”isneglected.QuestionsforPara6~7•Whatarethetwodifferingnotionsof“News”representedinthearticle?•Sudden,eruptivehappeningsinthepast12-24hours.•Progressofcivilizationthatcomesinbitsandpieces.QuestionsforPara6~7•Whatdoes“eruptive”meanaccordingtothecontext?•ShockingandsensationalPara7•Generally,itcomesinbitsandpieces,verylittleofitclearlyvisibleatanygivenmoment,butallofitinvolvedinthemakingofhistoricalchangeforthebetter.•Para8•Theauthorcriticizesthenormalpracticeofthemediabypointingouttheharmdonetothepublicmoodbymedia’sobsessionin“badnews”.•Whatdoes“this”referto?•Whatdoes“inhibitorsofprogress”meanaccordingtothecontext?Canyouparaphrasethewholesentence?•Amoodofhopelessnessandcynicismishardlylikelytofurnishtheenergyneededtomeetseriouschallenges.•Ahopelessmoodandbitterandmockingattitudewillconsumepeople’svigorandenthusiasmsotheyarenotuptodealingwithanydifficultyintheworld.Aftergivetheconclusionofthefirst8paragraphsfromthedefinitionofnews,theauthorputforwardhisargumentinPara.9.Generallyspeaking,thegoodorcalled“positive”newsarenotsobreakingtodrawfolks’attention.Butanyway,thenewsmediamustholdperspectiveattitudetoevents.Definitly,theirresponsibilityistofindimportanteventsandreportit,whetherthecontentisaboutdisasterorconflict.Viewpointinpara.9Inpara.10,