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11、名词A）、名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：一）在后面加s。如：fathers,books,Americans,Germans,apples,bananas二）x,sh,ch,s后加es。如：boxes,glasses,dresses,watches,wishes,faxes三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es如：baby-babies,duty-duties,story-stories2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s如：day-days,boy-boys,toy-toys,key-keys,way-ways四）以o结尾加s.如：radios,zoos如是辅音加o的加es.如:tomatoes西红柿,potatoes马铃薯特殊（外来词、缩写词和专有名词）：photos,pianos，kilos五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives,wife-wives,half-halves,shelf-shelves,leaf-leaves,yourself-yourselves六）单复数相同（不变的）如：fish,sheep,deer,Chinese,Japanese七）只有复数，没有单数如：people,pants,shorts,shoes,glasses,gloves,clothes,socks八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数（集合名词）如：police警察局/警察,class班/同学,family家/家庭成员九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：actionmovie-actionmovies,passers-by;但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：mandoctor-mendoctors,womanteacher-womenteachers十）有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼fishes鱼的种类;paper纸papers报纸/卷子/论文;work工作works作品/工厂;glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯/眼镜;orange桔子水oranges橙子;light光线lights灯;people人peoples民族;time时间times时代/次数;chicken鸡肉chickens小鸡十一）特殊形式的有：child-children,man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,mouse-mice,policeman-policemen,Englishman-Englishmen2B）、名词的所有格当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：一）单数在后面加’s。如：brother’s,Mike’s,teacher’s二）复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers’Day教师节,Children’sDay六一节,Women’sDay三八节三）由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个’s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：MikeandBen’sroom迈克和本的房间（共住一间）Mike’sandBen’srooms迈克和本的房间（各自的房间）四）双重所有格：名词加所属的人/物“名词+of+名词所有格”如：apictureofmyfather’s,abookofTom’s2、动词A）第三人称单数当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s，如下：一）一般在词后加s。如：comes,spells,waits,talks,sees,dances,trains二）在x,sh,ch,s后加es。如：watches,washes,wishes,finishes三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies,hurry-hurries,try-tries2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays,says,stays,enjoys,buys四）以o结尾加es。如：does,goes五）特殊的有：are-is,have-hasB）现在分词当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling,sing-singing,see-seeing,train-training,play-playing,hurry-hurrying,watch-watching,go-going,do-doing二）以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing,wake-waking,take-taking,practice-practicing,write-writing,have-having三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如show–showing,draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting,run-running,get-getting,let-letting,begin-beginning3四）以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系die-dying死lie-lying位于3、形容词的级在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下：一）一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest,shorter–shortest,taller–tallest,longer–longest,nicer-nicest,larger-largest二）以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母＋1个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如few-fewerfewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er/est。如：big-biggerbiggest,red-redderreddest,hot-hotterhottest三）以辅音字母＋y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如：happy-happierhappiest,busy-busierbusiest,easy-easiereasiest四）特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远)good/well-betterbest；many/much-moremost；bad/ill–worseworst；little-lessleast；old-older/elderoldest/eldest；far-farther/furtherfarthest/furthest5、数词(不规则：一、二、三、五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y结尾变为i,加eth)first,second,third;fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth;seventh,tenth,thirteenth,hundredth;twenty-twentieth,forty-fortieth,ninety-ninetieth4、特殊疑问句①问年龄HowoldisLucy?---Sheistwelve.②问种类Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?---Ilikeactionmoviesandcomedies.③问身体状况Howisyouruncle?---Heiswell/fine.④问方式Howdo/canyouspellit?---L-doubleO-K.Howdoyougotowork?---Bybike/Onfoot.4⑤问原因Whydoyouwanttojointheclub?⑥问时间What’sthetime?(=Whattimeisit?)---It’sten.Whattimedoyouusuallygetup,Rick?---Atfiveo’clock.Whendoyouwanttogo?----Let’sgoat7:00.⑦问地方Where’smybackpack?---It’sunderthetable.⑧问颜色Whatcolorarethey?---Theyarelightblue.What’syourfavouritecolor?---It’sblack.⑨问人物Who’sthat?---It’smysister.Whoistheboyinblue?---Mybrother.Whoisn’tatschool?---PeterandEmma.WhoareLisaandTimtalkingto?⑩问东西What’sthis/that(inEnglish)?---It’sapencilcase.Whatelsecanyouseeinthepicture?---Icanseesomebroccoli,strawberriesandhamburgers.11问姓名What’syouraunt’sname?---HernameisHelen./She’sHelen.What’syourfamilyname?---Myfamilyname’sSmith.12问哪一个Whichdoyoulike?---Ilikeoneinthebox.13问价格Howmucharethesepants?---They’re15dollars.14问电话号码What’syourphonenumber?---It’s576-8349.15问谓语(动作)What’shedoing?---He’swatchingTV.16问职业(身份)Whatdoyoudo?---I’mateacher.What’syourfather?---He’sadoctor.5名词单数变复数练习：一、请写出下列名词的复数形式Cityzoocountrytoothmouseboyroom_____car_____tree_____horse______bus_______fox______branch_____baby_______family_____country.________radio_______photo______piano______knife______leaf_____life_____thief_______man____woman_______child_______foot________womanteacher____________diaryday________foot______book_____dress______sheep______box_______sandwich_____paper______二、单项选择1.The__inouryardareverybeautiful.A.clothB.waterC.flowers2.TomisoneoftheChinese_____inourschool.A.boyB.boysC.boies3.Acathasfour____,doesn'tit?A.footsB.feetC.feets4.Therearethree____andfive_____intheroom.A.American,JapaneseBAmericans,JapaneseC.American,Janpaneses5.Canyouseenine____inthepicture?A.fishB.bookC.horse6.The_____hastwo______.A.boy;watchB.boy;watchesC.boys;watch7.The_____areflyingbacktotheircountry.A.GermanyB.GermanysC.Germans8.Thegirlbrushesher_____everydaybeforehegoestobed.A.toothsB.teethC.teeths三、填入所给名词的正确形式1.Ihavetwo_____(knife)2.Therearemany_____here.(box)3.Therearema