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UnitFourMemorandums（备忘录）制作人：原冰清指导老师：董晓波GeneralIntroductionUsefulExpressionsSampleReadingWritingPracticeI.GeneralIntroductionWhatAreMemos?HowIsaMemoLaidOut?HowtowriteaMemo?BackI.GeneralIntroduction:WhatAreMemos?Back备忘录（memorandumormemoforshort）大致可分两类：第一类属于正式公文，常作为外交函件或商业合同的补充条款或事项，具有一定法律约束性，因此文体正规，措词严谨。第二类备忘录是一种非正式的商务文件、便条，多用于公司或机关内部，是以书面形式来交流内部事务的一种简便函件。它可以用来解释政策、程序和指示；发布通知，提出信息和行动要求；答复要求。也可以用来提醒事务或对决定、电话交谈、会议提供书面记录。由于这类备忘录流通于一定单位内部，因此大多格式简明、语言通俗。本单元主要介绍的是第二类备忘录即商务备忘录（officememos）。BackI.GeneralIntroduction:HowisaMemoLaidOut?MemoMemoTo:____________________To:____________________From:__________________From:__________________Subject/Ref:_____________Subject/Ref:_____________Date:__________________Date:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(Signature:_______________)(Signature:_______________)1.图示Back2.详解备忘录的格式一般较为固定，通常分为开头(theheading)和正文(thebody)两部分。开头包括To:（送交目标，即接受人therecipient），From:（发出者thesender），Subject:（主题）和Date:（日期）四项。顺序通常如上所示，但date项的位置比较灵活，可以按书信格式置于正文右上方，也可以置于Subject项之前或之后。备忘录正文一般不超过一页，可以是一段或几段。正文后面往往没有签名，但个别的也有签名。Back有些大公司或机构会备有打印好的备忘录纸笺。纸笺上端通常印有公司或机构名称和Memo字样,并印有开头部分：To,From,Date和Subject，在每次写备忘录时只需填入具体内容即可。打印或书写备忘录时，通常有两种格式：每一行顶左边齐或每段首行缩进。Back1.toclarifyyourpurposeandaudience2.tofillintheheadingpartI.GeneralIntroduction:TheProcedurestowriteaMemo3.tocomposethebodypart4.toproofreadthememoBackTomakeclearthepurposeandtheaudienceisthefirststepofwritingofanystyle.Formemowriting,itmeansyoushouldfirstfigureoutwhyithastobewrittenandwhoisgoingtoreaditsothatyoucanemploythemostproperwaytoconveytheinformation.1.toclarifyyourpurposeandaudienceBackAfterclarifyingthepurposeandtheaudience,nowyoucaneasilyfillintheitemsintheheadingpart.Whenwritingthispart,pleasemakesurethatthesubjectisbriefbuttothepoint,thatistosay,itmusttellthe2.tofillintheheadingpartBackreaderclearlyandexactlywhatthememoisaboutinasfewwordsaspossible.Agoodsubjectwillhelpthereaderquicklygrasptheessenceofthememo.BackWhetheramemoissuccessfullywrittenornotdependsmostlyonhowitsbodypartisstructured.Whencomposingthebodypart,youshouldbeginbyidentifyingthe3.tocomposethebodypartBackkeyinformationthatyouthinkyouraudienceshouldget.Statetheminthelogicalorder.Iftheinformationconcernsaboutmorethanonetheme,it’swisetogroupthembyusingsub-headingsornumbers.BackDon’tjumptosendthememoassoonasyouhavemadeitout,instead,you’dbetterproofreaditbyaskingyourselfthefollowingquestions:4.toproofreadthememoBack1.Istheformatcorrect?2.HaveIincludedalltheinformationIintendtoconvey?3.Areallpointspresentedlogically?4.Ismylanguageclearandappropriate?5.Arethereanyspellingorgrammarmistakes?BackII.SampleReading:BriefIntroductionInthispartyouwillreadseveralsamplememoswhicharewrittenfordifferentpurposes.Studythemcarefullyandgooverwhatyou’velearnedinthepreviouspartsinyourmindwhenreadingthemBackII.SampleReading:Sample1下面这则备忘录相当于一份内部通知，用来宣布单位新规定。规定涉及办公室吸烟及员工自行车摆放问题。备忘录由人事部门PaulSmith签发，送交单位所有员工备忘。Memo04/08/02To:AllmembersofStaffFrom:PaulSmith，PersonnelDept.Subject:SmokingandBicyclesBackSMOKINGAllmembersofstaffareremindedthattheofficeisaNOSMOKINGAREAandthatsmokingisrestrictedtothecoffeeloungeandterrace.BICYCLESMembersofstaffwhocycletoworkleavetheirbicyclesbehindtheofficebuilding.Back译文备忘录致:所有职员自:保罗史密斯人事部事由:吸烟与自行车吸烟所有职员应记住，办公室是无烟区，吸烟请到咖啡休息室或平地上。自行车凡骑车上班的职员请将自行车存放在办公楼后面。2002年4月8日Back这则备忘录是关于公司销售经理Mr.Johnson的退休通告。公司总经理号召全体员工参加公司为Mr.Johnson举行的告别宴会为其饯行，并希望大家慷慨解囊为其告别礼物积极募捐。II.SampleReading:Sample2BackMemoTo:AllMembersofStaffFrom:ManagingDirectorSubject:RetirementofMr.JohnsonDate:18Oct.,2000Asyouwillknow,Mr.Johnson,theSalesManager,isretiringnextweekafterworkingforourcompanyfor40years.IamarrangingafarewelldinnerinBackhishonorattheHiltonHotelonFriday,20,October,at7:00pm.IhopethatasmanymembersofstaffaspossiblewillbepresenttogiveMr.Johnsonthewarmfarewellthathedeserves;notonlyhashebeenaloyalmemberofourstaffforsomanyyearsBackbutinadditionhisfriendlinessandgenerouspersonalityhaveendearedhimtoallthosewithwhomhehasworked.Mr.SmithismakingacollectionforapartinggifttoMr.JohnsonandIhopeyouwillallmakeagenerouscontribution.Back译文备忘录致:全体员工自:总经理主题:琼森先生退休事宜日期:2000年10月18日如大家所知，我们的销售经理琼森先生,在为公司效劳40年之后，将于下个星期退休。Back本周五（十月二十日）晚七点在希尔顿旅馆安排了琼森先生退休告别晚宴。希望大家尽可能前往，为琼森先生饯行。琼森先生应当得到我们温暖的告别，不仅因为琼森先生这么多年一直对公司忠心耿耿，更因为他友爱和大度的个性值得所有和他共事过的人爱戴。史密斯先生正在为琼森先生募捐告别礼物，希望大家慷慨解囊。Back这是一则同事间的备忘录。理查·戴维斯将去欧洲做推销旅行。他给总经理助理米歇尔·道格拉斯写了一份关于日程安排的备忘录。II.SampleReading:Sample3MemoTo:MichelDouglasFrom:RichardDavisRef:EuropeansalestripDate:16May2003BackDuringmyforthcomingtrip,Iproposetovisitthefollowingcompanies:ElectrotechnicS.A.,Barcelona,Spain10JuneKlausCramer,Hamburg,Germany11JuneMTBThermoplastiques,Lyon13JunePleasearrangeforouragreedpublicitymaterialtogotoeachofthese,sevendaysbeforethedateofmyvisit.Couldyoualsopleasearrangeflightsandhotelaccommodation?IestimatethatIshallneedabout￡300incash(￡100ineachcurrency)andtravelerschequestothevalueof￡300,tocoverhotelbills,entertaining,etc.,andIshallbegratefulifIcanhavethisassoonaspossible.Back译文备忘录致:米歇尔·道格