英国绅士文化

GENTLEMANCULTUREOFBRITAIN（英国绅士文化）GENTLEMANCULTUREOFBRITAINorigincostumeSchoolcurriculumbehaviorGENTLEMAN?Gentleman:AmanofnobleraceHavepossessionsChivalrous（骑士风度）manDon’tneedtostruggleforlifeeverydayInthemiddleageGentryInmid-17thcenturyGentleman•BeingatrueEnglishgentlemanisnot,ofcourse,simplyamatterofbehavior.Anyonecanlearnhowtopicktherightcolorofhandkerchieforthecorrectwaytoaddressabishop.Tobeworthyofthetitleof“gentleman”,youneedtohavebeenintrainingsincebirth.•Thetermgentleman(fromLatingentilis,belongingtoaraceorgens,andman,cognatewiththeFrenchwordgentilhommeandtheItaliangentiluomoorgentiluomo),initsoriginalandstrictsignification,denotedamanofgoodfamily,analogoustotheLatingenerous(itsinvariabletranslationinEnglish-Latindocuments).InthissensethewordequateswiththeFrenchgentilhomme(nobleman),whichlattertermwasinGreatBritainlongconfinedtothepeerage.•Thetermgentry(fromtheOldFrenchgenteriseforgentelise)hasmuchofthesocialclasssignificanceoftheFrenchnoblesseoroftheGermanAdel,butwithoutthestricttechnicalrequirementsofthosetraditions(suchasquartersofnobility).ThiswaswhattherebelsunderJohnBallinthe14thcenturymeantwhentheyrepeated：•WhenAdamdelvedandEvespan,WhowasthentheGentleman?•JohnSeldeninTitlesofHonor(1614),discussingthetitlegentleman,speaksofourEnglishuseofitasconvertiblewithNobili’s(anambiguousword,like'noble'meaningelevatedeitherbyrankorbypersonalqualities)anddescribesinconnectionwithittheformsofennoblinginvariousEuropeancountries.WHATDOTHEYATTENTIONSATSCHOOLEtoncollege(伊顿公学)HOWWASAGENTLEMANGETALONGWITHPEOPLE?WITHOTHERPEOPLESOMEFAMOUSWORDS:•Forhonor,Iwillnevershoothiminback.INTHEMOVIESTITANIC•NowomanshallbeleftaboardthisshipbecauseIwasacoward.•Astimegoesby,gentlemanhadmoreandmorenewdefinitions.Butitwillneverchangethatgentlemanculturehasamajorimpactonthisword.•NowIwillplayaradiowhichisaTVclips.SomeofthepiecestoshowtheBritishgentlemandresscultureandthecontemporarycustoms.Now,let’swatchit.Sherlock