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虚拟语气TheSubjunctiveMood虚拟语气1）概念虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。2）在条件句中的应用条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。1真实条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中if是如果的意思。时态关系句型：条件从句主句一般现在时shall/will+动词原形Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit___.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。注意：1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用begoingto表示将来，该用shall,will.(错)Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.(对)Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall(will)+动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。2非真实条件句1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。a.同现在事实相反的假设。句型：条件从句主句一般过去时should(would)+动词原形Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.b.表示于过去事实相反的假设。句型：条件从句主句过去完成时should(would)have+过去分词Ifshehadworkedharder,shewouldhavesucceeded.Thericewouldnothavebeenburntifyouhadbeenmorecareful.IfmylawyerhadbeenherelastSaturday,hewouldhavepreventedmefromgoing.Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Ishould/wouldhavetoldhimaboutit.含义：Hedidnotcomeyesterday,soIdidnottellhimaboutit.Ifhehadnotbeenillandmissedmanyclasses,hewouldhavemadegreaterprogress.含义：Hewasillandmissedmanylessons,sohedidnotmakegreaterprogress.c.表示对将来的假想句型：条件从句主句一般过去时should+动词原形were+不定式would+动词原形should+动词原形Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.3混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）Ifithadrainedlastnight(过去),itwouldbeverycoldtoday(现在).4虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were,should,或had,可将if省略，再把were,should或had移到从句句首，实行倒装。Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Ifitshouldrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Ifitweretorain,thecropswouldbesaved.注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用were，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.如果我是你，就会去找他。Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。典型例题_____todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.A.IfwereIB.IwereC.WereID.WasI答案C.在虚拟条件状语中如果有were,should,had这三个词主语提前,变成were,should,had+主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说WereInottodo.,而不能说Weren'tItodo.5特殊的虚拟语气词：should1）Itisdemanded/necessary/apity+that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should加动词原形，should可省略。句型：(1)suggestedItis(2)importantthat…+(should)do(3)apity(1)suggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insisted；+(should)do(2)important,necessary,natural,strangeapity,ashame,nowonder.(3)Itissuggestedthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Itisnecessarythathe(should)cometoourmeetingtomorrow.2）在宾语从句中的应用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。order,suggest,propose,require,demand,request,insist,command,insist+(should)doIsuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.注意：如suggest,insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybodyobeytherules.判断改错:Youpalefacesuggeststhatyou(should)beill.Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.Iinsistedthatyou(should)bewrong.Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.（F）(T)(F)(T)3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。Myideaisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.6wish的用法1）用于wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为：真实状况wish后从句动作先于主句动词动作现在时过去时（be的过去式为were）从句动作与主句动作同时发生过去时过去完成时（had+过去分词）将来不大可能实现的愿望将来时would/could+动词原形IwishIwereastallasyou.我希望和你一样高。Hewishedhehadn‘tsaidthat.他希望他没讲那样的话。Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.我希望明天下雨就好了。2）wishtodo表达法。wishsb/sthtodoIwishtoseethemanager.=Iwanttoseethemanager.Iwishthemanagertobeinformedatonce.=Iwantthemanagertobeinformedatonce.7比较ifonly与onlyifonlyif表示只有；ifonly则表示如果……就好了。Ifonly也可用于陈述语气。Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung.当时闹钟响了，就好了。Ifonlyhecomesearly.但愿他早点回来.8.Itis(high)timethatItis(high)timethat后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。Itistimethatthechildrenwenttobed.Itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotobed.9need不必做和本不该做didn'tneedtodo表示：过去不必做某事,事实上也没做。.needn'thavedone表示：过去不必做某事,但事实上做了。JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,soshedidn'tneedtowalkbackhome.约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她不必步行回家了。JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,sosheneedn'thavewalkedbackhome.约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她本不必步行回家了。(Mary步行回家，没有遇上John的车。)典型例题Therewasplentyoftime.She___.A.mustn‘thavehurriedB.couldn’thavehurriedC.mustnothurryD.needn'thavehurried答案D。needn'thavedone.意为本不必，即已经做了某事，而实际上不必要。mustn'thavedone用法不正确，对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn'thavedone,不可能已经。mustnotdo不可以（用于一般现在时）