22美国文学教案

1IntroductionTheOutlineofAmericanLiteratureI.ColonialPeriod---AmericanPuritanismII.TheRevolutionaryPeriod:BenjaminFranklin;ThomasJefferson…III.TheRomanticPeriod1.WashingtonIrvingTheSketchBook:“RipVanWinkle”;“TheLegendoftheSleepyHollow”;2.JamesFenimoreCooper:LeatherstockingTales3.NewEnglandTranscendentalism(1)RalphEmerson:Nature;TheAmericanScholar(2)HenryThoreau:Walden4.inthefieldofthenovel(1)NathanielHawthorne:TheScarletLetter(2)HermanMelville:Moby-Dick5.inthefieldofpoetry(1)WilliamBryant/(2)HenryLongfellow(3)WaltWhitman/(4)EmilyDickinson6.EdgarAllanPoeIV.theAgeofRealism1.MarkTwainTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn/TheAdventuresofTomSawyer2.HenryJames:ThePortraitOfALadyinternationaltheme/psychologicalrealism3.Naturalism(1)twoforces:heredity&environment(2)TheodoreDreiser:SisterCarrie(3)JackLondon:TheCalloftheWild/TheSeaWolf/MartinEden;V.duringthetwowars1.poetry(Imagism)EzraPound/T.S.Elliot/WallaceStevens/RobertFrost;2.novels(1)Fitzgerald:TheGreatGatsby/TenderIstheNight(2)ErnestHemingwayTheSunAlsoRises/AFarewelltoArmsForWhomtheBellTolls/TheOldManandtheSea(3)WilliamFaulknerthefictionalplace:Yoknapatawphaworks:GoDown,MosesAbsalom,Absalom!(4)JohnSteinbeck:TheGrapesofWrathVI.thePost-warPeriod1.novels:(1)SaulBellow:Herzog(2)NormanMailer:TheNakedandtheDead(3)B.Malamud:TheAssistant2(4)J.D.Salinger:TheCatcherintheRye(5)JosephHeller:Catch-22(6)JohnUpdike:Rabbit,Run.2.poetry(1)theBeatGeneration:AllenGinsberg,Howl(2)the“BlackMountainPoets”:CharlesOlsonVII.BlackLiterature1.1920s,HarlemRenaissance:LangstonHughes2.RichardWright:NativeSon3.RalphEllison:InvisibleMan4.JamesBaldwin:GoTellItontheMountain5.ToniMorrisonTheBluestEye/SongofSolomon/Beloved6.AliceWalker:TheColorPurpleVIII.AmericanDrama1.EugeneO’NeillTheHairyApe//DesireUndertheElms/LongDay’sJourneyintoNight2.TennesseeWilliams:TheGlassMenagerie3.ArthurMiller:DeathofASalesman====Abriefanalysisoftheoutline:I.ColonialPeriod1.ThefirstimportantphaseinAmericanliteratureistheColonialperiod,whichstretchedroughlyfromthesettlementofAmericathroughtheendofthe18thcentury;2.ThemajortopicherewillbeaboutAmericanPuritanism,theoneenduringinfluenceinAmericanliterature;II.TheRevolutionaryPeriodWiththehelp/influenceofAmericanPuritanism&enlightenment,Americanpeopleestablishedtheirownnation,andtheseprominentfiguresareFranklinandJefferson;III.TheRomanticPeriodi.1.TheRomanticPeriodcoversthefirsthalfofthe19thcentury;2.Thenewrisingcountrywithitsidealsofdemocracy&equality,itsindustrialization,itswestwardexpansion,andavarietyofforeigninfluencessuchasWalterScottwereamongtheimportantfactorswhichmadeliteraryexpansionandexpressionnotonlypossiblebutalsoinevitable;ii.1.WashingtonIrving&F.Cooperwillbeourfirstconcern;2.Irving,thefirstimportantAmericanwriterplayedanimportantroleininspiringAmericanromanticimagination.HistwoshortstorieswillbeputatthetopofanyreadinglistforacourseofAmericanliterature.3.Cooper’sLeatherstockingTalesofferssomefictionalversionoftheAmericannationalexperienceofadventureintothewildernessoftheAmericanWest,andtheimportanceofthefrontierandthewildernessinAmericanliteratureisforthefirsttimewell-illustratedinthisbook.iii.1.AmericanRomanticismculminatedaroundthe1840sinwhathascometobe3knownas“NewEnglandTranscendentalism”or“AmericanRenaissance”;2.RalphEmerson’s“Nature”isconsideredtobethemanifestoofAmericanTranscendentalismandhis“TheAmericanScholar”isAmerican“DeclarationofIntellectualIndependence”;whileHenryThoreauisrememberedforhis“Walden”;iv.1.Inthefieldthenovel,novelistsrevealedanotherkindofpicturedifferentfromthetranscendentalists;2.Hawthornedidn’tfeelcomfortablewiththesenseofoptimismaboutman&hisnature,andhisworksoftenshowablacknessofvision;3.Melville,againsttheoptimistictrendofhistimes,wascriticalofEmerson’soptimisticviewoflife;v.Inthefieldofpoetry…vi.EdgarAllanPoe1.Heachievedsuccessinthefieldoffiction,poetryandliterarycriticism;(1)thefounderofdetectivestories;(2)oneofthebesttowriteingothictradition;(3)oneoftheearliesttowritesciencefiction;(4)thefirstmajorliterarycritic;(5)thefirstmajorliterarytheorist;2.Standingapartfromhiscontemporaries,hewasforalongtimeperhapsthemostcontroversial&mistreated/misunderstoodofallAmericanwriters;3.ButhewaswellreceivedinEurope(Spain/France/England…)wherehewasthefirstAmericantoacquiregreatness.4.EventuallyhegotrecognitioninAmerica.Anyhow,helivedashortandtragiclife.IV.TheAgeofRealismi.1.TheCivilWarbroughttheRomanticPeriodtoanend,andtheageofrealismcameintobeing;2.Itexpressestheconcernforthecommonplaceandthelow,andoffersanobjectiveratherthanidealisticviewofhumannature&humanexperience;ii.MarkTwain1.Hebeganasalocalcolorist/humorist;2.“TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn”fatheredAmericanliterature;iii.HenryJamesiv.Naturalism1.Inthelastdecadeofthe19thcentury,withthedevelopmentofindustryandscience,peoplebegantoseemenlivinginanindifferent&Godlessuniverse;Inthischanceworld,manwashelplessandhopeless;2.Theysawman’slifeasgovernedbythetwoforcesofheredity&environment,forcesbeyondman’scontrol;3.typicalwriters;TheodoreDreiser;JackLondon;O.Henry;自然主义在我国长期受到压抑的原因:1.自然主义从生理学去剖析人,而非从社会学的观