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（1564—1616）Englishplaywrightandpoet——oneofthegreatestdramatists.ThemostwidelyquotedauthorinhistoryHisplayshaveprobablybeenperformedmoretimesthanthoseofanyotherdramatist.Tobeornottobe,thatisaquestion.（生存还是毁灭，这是一个问题。）Betterawittyfoolthanafoolishwit.(宁为聪明的渔夫，不做愚蠢的才子。）Alightheartliveslong.（豁达者长寿）Words,words,onlywords,nomatterfromtheheart.（空话，空话，只有空话，没一点是真。）Thecourseoftrueloveneverdidrunsmooth.(AMidsummerNight’sDream)真爱无坦途。——《仲夏夜之梦》Loveismerelyamadness.（爱情不过是一种疯狂。——《皆大欢喜》）Itisawisefatherthatknowshisownchild.（知子之父为智。——《威尼斯商人》）Alittlemorethankin,andlessthankind.(超乎寻常的亲族，漠不相关的路人。——《哈姆雷特》)Nothingwillcomeofnothing.(一无所有只能换来一无所有。——《李尔王》)Keepupyourbrightswords,forthedewwillrustthem.(收起你们明晃晃的剑，它们沾了露水会生锈的。——《奥赛罗》)Shakespeare’sBirthplace--HewasborninthishouseonHenleyStreetinStratford-upon-AvoninApril23,1564.Shakespeare’sBurialSite-----HediedonApril23,1616,andwasburiedintheHolyTrinityChurchinStratford-upon-Avon,Warwickshire,shownhere.Hiscomediescelebratehumansociallifeevenastheyexposehumanfolly.Bymeansthataresometimeshumiliating,evenpainful,characterslearngreaterwisdomandemergewithaclearerviewofreality.EarlyComedies(untilabout1595)--reflectintheirgaietyandexuberant(丰富的)languagethelivelyandself-confidenttoneoftheEnglishnationafter1588。--TheComedyofErrorsMiddleComedies--AMidsummerNight’sDreamandTheMerchantofVenicefromthemid-1590sprovideevidenceofShakespeare’sgrowingmasteryofthecomicformandhiswillingnesstoexploreandtestitsdramaticpossibilities.MatureComedies--TheromanticplaysAsYouLikeIt,TheMerryWivesofWindsor,andTwelfthNightareoftencharacterizedasjoyouscomediesbecauseoftheirgenerallyhappymoodandsympatheticcharacters.Writtenaround1599and1600,theyrepresentShakespeare’striumphinthefieldofhighcomedy.第十二夜皆大欢喜仲夏夜之梦无事生非威尼斯商人驯悍记amongthemostpowerfulstudiesofhumannatureinallliteratureappropriatelyasthegreatestachievementsofhisdramaticartistry.hisunforgettabletragiccharacters,suchasRomeoandJuliet,Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,andMacbeth哈姆雷特奥赛罗李尔王麦克白Historyplays（sometimesknownaschronicleplays）----ahighlypopularformofdramainShakespeare’stime.Shakespearewrotetenplayslistedinthe1623Folio.Eightofthemre-createtheperiodinEnglishhistoryfrom1399WilliamShakespearewrote154sonnets.thefirst126ShakespeareansonnetstoahandsomeyoungmanThelatterShakespeareansonnetsareaddressedtoa'darklady'ofillreputeSonnet201Awoman'sfacewithnature'sownhandpainted,2.Hastthou,themastermistressofmypassion;3.Awoman'sgentleheart,butnotacquainted4.Withshiftingchange,asisfalsewomen'sfashion:5.Aneyemorebrightthantheirs,lessfalseinrolling,6.Gildingtheobjectwhereuponitgazeth;7.Amaninhueallhuesinhiscontrolling,8.Whichstealsmen'seyesandwomen'ssoulsamazeth.9.Andforawomanwertthoufirstcreated;10.TillNature,asshewroughtthee,fella-doting,11.Andbyadditionmeoftheedefeated,12.Byaddingonethingtomypurposenothing.13.Butsincesheprick'dtheeoutforwomen'spleasure,14.Minebethyloveandthylove'susetheirtreasure