高一必修2 unit 3现在完成时被动语态

ThePresentPerfectPassiveVoice现在完成时的被动语态1helphelpedhelpedV原形过去式过去分词2changechangedchanged3studystudiedstudied4planplannedplannedbegbeggedbeggedstopstoppedstopped5givegavegiven动词的过去式和过去分词规则：1+ed2e+d3yi+ed4重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写辅音字母+ed动词的过去式和过去分不规则复习：写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词helpchangestudyplanbegstopgive1)一般现在时的被动语态(am/is/are+过去分词）如:Theworkisdoneduringtwodays.2)一般过去时的被动语态(was/were+过去分词）七种被动语态形式:如:Hewassenttothehospitalimmediatelyaftertheaccident.3)一般将来时的被动语态(will/shall+be+过去分词或+begoingto+be+过去分词）如:Theworkwillbefinishedsoon.4)现在进行时的被动语态(is/am/are+being+过去分词）如:Thebridgeisnowbeingconstructed.5)现在完成时的被动语态(have/has+been+过去分词）如:Theradiohasbeenrepairedwhenwephonedtheshop.6)带情态动词的被动语态(情态动词+be+过去分词)如:Thiscanbedoneinafewminutes.7)动词不定式的被动式(tobe+过去分词)如:Itisanhonorformetobeaskedtospeakhere.现在完成时的被动语态表达以下两个概念：1.说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。2.主语是行为动作的承受者，在使用现在完成时的被动语态时要注意以下两点：1.过去分词前有两个助动词have/has和been。2.必须表示被动。Ihavebeentoldaboutitmanytimes．Thebridgehasjustbeenbuilt．1.现在完成时被动语态肯定句句型：主语+have/hasbeen+过去分词Hermotorbikehasbeenstolen.2.现在完成时被动语态否定句句型：主语+have/has+not+been+过去分词Thetaskhasnotbeenfinishedyet.Manyskilledworkershavenotbeentrainedinthecompany.•Thepresentperfectpassivevoice(肯定句、否定句:3.现在完成时被动语态一般疑问句句型：Have/Has+主语+been+过去分词...?Hasanewcomputerbeenbought?HavetheybeensentabroadtostudyEnglish?4.现在完成时被动语态特殊疑问句句型：疑问词+have/has+主语+been+过去分词...?Wherehasthecarbeenrepaired?Whohavebeenhelpedbythenewcomputer?Howmanybuildingshavebeenbuiltinthisschool?•Thepresentperfectpassivevoice(疑问句）:现在完成时(presentperfecttense)的被动语态：S+have/has+been+done(过去分词)1OvertimeIhavebeenchangedquitealot.2FirstasaPCandthenasalaptopIhavebeenusedinofficesandhomessincethe1970s.3…IneverforgetanythingIhavebeentold!4Sincethe1970smanynewapplicationshavebeenfoundforme.5Ihavealsobeenputintorobotsandusedtomakemobilephones…6IhaveevenbeenputintospacerocketsandsenttoexploretheMoonandMars.Discoveringusefulstructuresfromthepassageonp18:Workershavebuiltthehousesincetwoyearsago.sincetwoyearsago.Exercise1:Changethesentencesintothepresentperfectpassivevoice动作的执行者动作的承受者谓语动词Thehousehasbeenbuiltbyworkers2Myfriendhasboughtanewpersonalcomputer.Anewpersonalcomputerhasbeenboughtbymyfriends3Theshophasrepairedmycomputerveryquickly.Mycomputerhasbeenrepairedbytheshopveryquickly.ChangethesentencesintothepresentperfectpassivevoiceThebuildings,destroy,earthquakeThebuildingshavebeendestroyedintheearthquake;•Exercise2:Makingupsentencesusingpresentperfectpassivevoice:machinereplacecomputer1Themachinehasbeenreplacedbythecomputer.•Makingupsentencesusingpresentperfectpassivevoice:manytrees,plant,alongtheroad3Manytreeshavebeenplantedalongtheroad注意:1.副词的位置often,usually,always,never,hardly,seldom等副词置于have/has和been中间。如:[误]Suchamanhasbeenhardlybelieved.[正]Suchamanhashardlybeenbelieved.2.并不是所有动词都有被动语态1)happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,takepartin,cost,last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。如：[误]GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChinasince1978.[正]GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1978.2)open,break,drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。如：[误]Thedoorhasbeenopenedofitself.[正]Thedoorhasopenedofitself.3.短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词。如：TheSARSpatientshavebeentakengoodcareof.4.一些特殊动词,如borrow,finish,begin,buy,start,return,marry,open,join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则需改换动词或时态。如：Mybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.Howlonghasthisbookbeenbought?Howlongagowasthisbookbought?(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。主动语态变被动语态的方法(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。例如：Allthepeoplelaughedathim.Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.Theymakethebikesinthefactory.Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.歌诀是:宾变主,主变宾,by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动,be后“过分”来使用。4)双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。主动：Ihavegivenhimthekey.被动：Hehasbeengiventhekey.被动：Thekeyhasbeengiven(to)him.5)带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时,只能将宾语变为主语,原来的宾补保留不动,改称主语补足语。主动：Ihaveaskedhertohelpyou.被动：Shehasbeenaskedtohelpyou.PuttheChineseintoEnglishtocompletethesentences.1.Howmanyworkers_____________(已派遣)tobuildtherailway?2.—WhydoesMarylooksounhappy?—She_________________(被嘲笑)byherclassmates.havebeensenthasbeenlaughedatExercise:3.Itissaidthatthehouse___________________(闯进了)bytwothieves.4.Thetwopens______________________(未被拿走)byhim.5.Where____thetelevision______________(已经修理了)?6.ThepriceofacolorTVset_____________________(降价了)again.7.What__________________(已被译成)intomanyforeignlanguages?havenotbeentakenawayhasbeenrepairedbrokenintohasbeenhasbeenbroughtdownhasbeentranslated改错1.Apersonalcomputerhasboughtbyus.Apersonalcomputerhasbeenboughtbyus.2.Manyproblemshasbeenfoundwithournewcomputer.Manyproblemshavebeenfoundwithournewcomputer.3.APChasbeenbuildedthewaywewanted.APChasbeenbuiltthewaywewanted.4.Ourcomputerjusthasbeenjoinedtotheinternet.Ourcomputerhasjustbeenjoinedtotheinternet.5.Thecomputerwasusedeverydaysinceweboughtit.Thecomputerhasbeenusedeverydaysinceweboughtit.6.Alotofe-mailshadwrittenonthecomputerinthepast5years.Alotofe-mailshavebeenwrittenonthecomputerinthepast5years.用被动语态改写下列句子。1.Theyhavefinishedtheconstructionofthenewrailwaylinesbynow.2.Wehavebuiltanewlibraryandagymnasiuminourschoolthisyear.Theconstructionofthenewrailwayli