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!1济南新航道学校IELTSREADING雅思阅读高分必备习题集注：本习题集仅供济南新航道内部学员使用，严禁翻印，传阅。!2Contents1.Amateurnaturalist业余自然学家（P3）2.CommunicatingStylesandConflict交流的方式与冲突(P6)3.HealthintheWild野生动物自愈.(p10)4.TheRainmaker人工造雨(P13)5.Shoemaker-Levy9CollisionwithJupiter舒梅克彗星撞木星(P16)6.Asecondlookattwinstudies双胞胎研究(P19)7.TransitofVenus金星凌日(P22)8.PlaceboEffect—ThePowerofNothing安慰剂效应(P25)9.TheoriginsofLaughter笑的起源(P29)10.RainwaterHarvesting雨水收集(P32)11.Serendipity:TheAccidentalScientists科学偶然性(P36)12.Terminated!DinosaurEra!恐龙时代的终结(P40)13.TVADDICTION电视上瘾(P43)14.EIninoandSeabirds厄尔尼诺和水鸟(P46)15.TheextinctgrassinBritain英国灭绝的某种草(P50)16.Educationphilosophy教育的哲学(P53)17.ThesecretofYawn打哈欠的秘密(P57)18.consecutiveandsimultaneoustranslation交替传译和同声传译(P60)19.Numeracy:cananimalstellnumbers?动物会数数么？(P63)20.Goingnowherefast(P66)21.Theseedhunters种子收集者(P69)22.TheconquestofMalariainItaly意大利征服疟疾(P72)!3READINGPASSAGE1Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions27-40whicharebasedonReadingPassage3below.文章背景：业余自然学家主要讲述的是有一些人，平时喜欢观察自然界的植物生长，养蜂过程，气候变化，等等与大自然相关的变化并且做记录得到一些数据，这种数据叫做“amateurdata”.本文主要介绍业余自然学家以及一些专业自然学家探讨业余自然学家的数据是否能用，以及应该如何使用这些自然学家的数据，其可信度有多少等问题。AmateurNaturalistsFromtheresultsofanannualAlaskanbettingcontesttosightingsofmigratorybirds,ecologistsareusingawealthofunusualdatatopredicttheimpactofclimatechange.ATimSparksslidesasmallleather-boundnotebookoutofanenvelope.Thebook’syellowingpagescontainbeekeepingnotesmadebetween1941and1969bythelateWalterCoatesofKilworth,Leicestershire.Headdsittohisgrowingpileoflocaljournals,birdwatchers’listandgardeningdiaries.“We’reuncoveringaboutonemajornewrecordeachmonth,”hesays,“Istillgetsurprised.”AroundtwocenturiesbeforeCoates,RobertMarsham,alandownerfromNorfolkintheeastofEngland,beganrecordingthelifecyclesofplantsandanimalsonhisestate-whenthefirstwoodanemonesflowered,thedatesonwhichtheoaksburstintoleafandtherooksbegannesting.SuccessiveMarshamscontinuedcompilingthesenotesfor211years.BToday,suchrecordsarebeingputtousesthattheirauthorscouldnotpossiblyhaveexpected.Thesedatasets,andotherslikethem,areprovinginvaluabletoecologistsinterestedinthetimingofbiologicalevents,orphenology.Bycombiningtherecordswithclimatedata,researcherscanrevealhow,forexample,changesintemperatureaffectthearrivalofspring,allowingecologiststomakeimprovedpredictionsabouttheimpactofclimatechange.Asmallbandofresearchersiscombingthroughhundredsofyearsofrecordstakenbythousandsofamateurnaturalists.Andmoresystematicprojectshavealsostartedup,producinganoverwhelmingresponse.“Theamountofinterestisalmostfrightening,”saysSparks,aclimateresearcherattheCentreforEcologyandHydrologyinMonksWood,Cambridgeshire.CSparksfirstbecameawareofthearmyof“closetphenologists”,ashedescribesthem,whenaretiringcolleaguegavehimtheMarshamrecords.Henowspendsmuchofhistimefollowingleadsfromonehistoricaldatasettoanother.Asnewsofhisquestspreads,peopletiphimofftootherhistoricalrecords,andmoreamateurphenologistscomeoutoftheirclosets.TheBritishdevotiontorecordingandcollectingmakeshisjobeasier-onemanfromKentsenthim30years’worthofkitchencalendars,onwhichhehasnotedthedatethathisneighbour’smagnoliatreeflowered.DOtherresearchershaveuneartheddatafromequallyoddsources.RafeSagarin,anecologistatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia,recentlystudiedrecordsofabettingcontestinwhichparticipantsattempttoguesstheexacttimeatwhichaspeciallyerectedwoodentripodwillfallthroughthesurfaceofathawingriver.ThecompetitionhastakenplaceannuallyontheTenanaRiverinAlaskasince1917,andanalysisofthe!4resultsshowedthatthethawnowarrivesfiveyearsearlierthanitdidwhenthecontestbegan.EOverall,suchrecordshavehelpedtoshowthat,comparedwith20yearsago,araftofnaturaleventsnowoccurearlieracrossmuchofthenorthernhemisphere,fromtheopeningofleavestothereturnofbirdsfrommigrationandtheemergenceofbutterfliesfromhibernation.Thedatacanalsohintathownaturewillchangeinthefuture.Togetherwithmodelsofclimatechange,amateurs’recordscouldhelpguideconservation.TerryRoot,anecologistattheUniversityofMichiganinAnnArbor,hascollectedbirdwatchers’countsofwildfowltakenbetween1955and1996onseasonalpondsintheAmericanMidwestandcombinedthemwithclimatedataandmodelsoffuturewarming.Heranalysisshowsthattheincreaseddroughtsthatthemodelspredictcouldhalvethebreedingpopulationsattheponds.“ThenumberofwaterfowlinNorthAmericawillmostprobablydropsignificantlywithglobalwarming,”shesays.FButnotallprofessionalsarehappytouseamateurdata.“Alotofscientistswon’ttouchthem,theysaythey’retoofullofproblems,”saysRoot.Becausedifferentobserverscanhavedifferentideasofwhatconstitutes,forexample,anopensnowdrop.“Thebiggestconcernwithadhocobservationsishowcarefullyandsystematicallytheyweretaken,”saysMarkSchwartzoftheUniversityofWisconsin,Milwaukee,whostudiestheinteractionsbetweenplantsandclimate.”Weneedtoknowprettypreciselywhataperson’sbeenobserving-iftheyjustsay‘Inotewhentheleavescameout’,itmightnotbethatuseful,”Measuringt