1祈使句1.祈使句的定义及句式特征:定义:祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告或祝愿等的句子。它的特点是通常省略主语you,以动词原形开头,末尾可用句号或感叹号。祈使句没有疑问句的形式,一般只有肯定和否定两种形式。Goandwashyourhands.(表命令)Bequite,please.(Pleasebequiet.)(表请求)Bekindtoyoursister.(表劝告)Watchyoursteps.(表警告)Noparking.(表禁止)2.肯定形式(动词原形开头)1)以系动词be开头的祈使句,这种祈使句的常用结构:be+形容词/名词Bequiet/quick!Beagoodstudent!Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.2)以实义动词开头的祈使句,这种祈使句的常用结构为:动词原形+宾语(+其他)。Comein,please!Pleaseopenyourbooks!2Putthemaway!(3)let型(Let+宾语+动词原形+其他)Lethimdoitbyhimself.Letmehelpyou.Let’sgotothepark.3.否定形式(一般在动词上否定,也可以用否定副词(never)来表示)1)be型(Don’tbe+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语))Don’tbecareless!Neverbelateagainnexttime!注意:①在这种句型中,be不能省略②否定副词not不可置于be之后2)do型(Don’t+动词原形+其他)Don’tbelievehim!Don’tworry!Neverdoitagain!3)Let引起的祈使句有两种否定形式a.Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他Lethernotdothat.Let’snotthinkaboutit.It’sonlyawasteoftime.b.Don’t+let+宾语+动词原形+其他Don’tletJimdothat.Don’tletusgo,please.34)在公共场合的提示语中,否定祈使句常用“No+名词/V-ing形式”结构,表示“禁止做某事”。例如:NOPHOTOS!禁止拍照!Noparking!注意:1).在表达请求或劝告时,有时为了表示委婉的语气,可以在句首或句末please,但是如果please加在句末,应用逗号将其与前面的部分隔开。Sitdown,please.Pleaselookafterthetwins.2).在意思比较明显的情况下,可以把谓语动词省略。Thisway,please.3).有时为了加强语气,可以在动词前使用do.Dobecareful!一定要小心!4).有时为了强调对方,也可加上主语you,人名或everybody,anybody等不定代词。YousweepthefloorandIcleanthewindow.Standup,everybody.5).有时为了明确向谁提出请求或发出命令,可加称呼语,但称呼语要与句子用逗号隔开。Puttheshirtonthebed,Jim.4.祈使句的反意问句4祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分,通常有以下三种形式:1).祈使句为肯定句式,其反意疑问句表示请求时,通常用willyou;表示邀请、劝说时,用won’tyou。例如:Besuretowritetous,willyou?你一定要给我们写信,好吗?Cometohavedinnerwithusthisevening,won’tyou?今晚来和我们一起吃饭,好吗?2).祈使句为否定句式,其反意疑问句通常只用willyou。例如:Don’tsmokeinthemeetingroom,willyou?不要在会议室抽烟,好吗?3).Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时,除Let’s用shallwe外,其它均用willyou。例如:Lettheboygofirst,willyou?让个那男孩先走,好吗?Let’stakeawalkaftersupper,shallwe?晚饭后我们去散步,好吗?5.祈使句的回答祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作,所以回答祈使句时,一般用will或won’t。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时,要注意两点:1)形式一致(即Yes与will保持一致;No与won’t保持一致)2)意思相反(即Yes是“不”的意思;No是“是”的意思)。在回答时,要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。例如:5---Don’tgoout,please.It’srainingheavilyoutside.请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。----Yes,Iwill.Ihavetomeetmybrotherattheairport.不行,我得去机场接我弟弟。6.祈使句与陈述句的并列使用祈使句后接陈述句时,须用连接词连接。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时,要用并列连词and来连接;如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时,要用并列连词or来连接。例如:LeaveitwithmeandIwillseewhatIcando.把它留给我吧,我想想有没有办法。Hurryup,orwe’llbelate.快点,否则我们要迟到了。7.祈使句与条件状语从句的连用祈使句与条件状语从句连用时,条件状语从句可置于祈使句前或后。例如:Tellhimtomakeaphonecalltomeifhecomesheretomorrow.如果他明天来这儿的话,叫他给我来个电话。8.祈使句的强调形式祈使句的强调形式通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do。例如:Doshutup!快住口!9.特殊形式的祈使句在英语中,有些祈使句不是以动词原形来引起一个祈使句,而是以6一个名词短语来充当,且后接一个带有并列连接词的分句。实际上,这个充当祈使句的名词短语相当于一个条件状语从句。例如:Morewaterandtheyoungtreescouldn’thavedied.=Ifyouhadgiventhemmorewater,theyoungtreescouldn’thavedied.如果你给那些小树多浇点水,他们就不会死了。10.运用祈使句的误区祈使句往往容易与不定式、分词或条件状语从句相混淆。___________yourcompositioncarefully,somespellingmistakescanbeavoided.A.HavingcheckedB.CheckC.IfyoucheckD.Tocheck巩固练习:一、单项选择:1.Please____,they’rehavingameeting.A.notbesonoisyB.bequiteC.mustn’ttalkD.nospeaking2.____tomeetmeatthestation.I’llbewaitingthere.A.NottoforgetB.NotforgetC.ForgetnotD.Don’tforget3.It’safineday.Let’sgofishing,____?A.won’tweB.willyouC.don’tweD.shallwe4.Don’tsmokeinthemeeting-room,____?A.doyouB.willyouC.canyouD.couldyou5.–Don’tforgettocometomybirthdaypartytomorrow.-I____.7A.don’tB.won’tC.can’tD.haven’t6.Ifyouaretired,______arest.A.haveB.havingC.tohaveD.had7.______mego.Itisveryimportantforme.A.DoletB.LetdoC.DoingletD.Todolet8.Heisnothonest.______believehim.A.NotB.Don’tC.TonotD.Notto9._____upearlytomorrow,oryoucan’tcatchthetrain.A.GettingB.GetC.TogetD.Got10._____inthestreet.It’sdangerous.A.NotplayB.NottoplayC.Don’tplayD.Don’ttoplay11.Please______mesomemoney,willyou?A.lendB.lendingC.borrowD.borrowing12.Thefilmisabouttobegin.Please______seated.A.beB.areC.isD.being13.____downtheradio.Thebaby’sasleepinthenextroom.A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn14.Lucy,____thedoororsomeonewillcomein.A.closeB.closesC.notcloseD.isclosing15.____andplayfootballinthestreetafterlunch.A.Let’snottogoB.Let’snotgoC.Let’sdon’tgoD.Notlet’sgo16.Asignwiththewords“____”isoftenfoundinabus.8A.NotparkingB.NotsmokingC.NoparkingD.Nosmoking17.____ChineseinyouEnglishclass.A.NotspeakB.Don’tspeakC.SpeaknotD.Don’tspeaking18._____theboxes.Youmayusethemlater.A.KeepB.KeepingC.TokeepD.Kept19.Ifyouwanttostay,letmeknow,______?A.willyouB.shallweC.doyouD.dowe20.Nevercomelateagain,______?A.willyouB.won’tyouC.doyouD.doeshe21.TheTVistooloud.Please________.A.turnitdownB.toturnitdownC.turndownitD.toturndownit22._______lateagain,Bill!A.Don'ttobeB.Don'tbeC.NotbeD.Benot23._______crosstheroaduntilthetrafficlightsturnsgreen.A.NotB.Won'tC.Doesn'tD.Don't24.Pleasehelpmecarryit,______?A.willIB.willyouC.shallID.shallwe25.Don'tmakesomuchnoise,______?A.willyouB.won'tyouC.shallweD.doyou26.Doyouknowthegirl______underthetree?A.standB.tostandC.standingD.stood927.Kate,_______yourhomeworkheretomorrow.A.bringB.bringsC.tobringD.bringing28.________methetruth,orI'llbeangry.A.TellingB.TotellC.ToldD.Tell29.I'vekeptthedog_______Maomaoforalongtime.A.nameB.namedC.namingD.toname30.Don'tyouknowthat_______isgoodforourhealth?A.swimB.swimmingC.swamD.swims二.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1.It’sanimportantmeeting.__________(not,be)late.2.______