高考英语专题复习---形容词、副词考点PARTONE•形容词的语法功能•形容词的基本用法•高考中常出的考察热点和答题技巧:大飞囊形容词用法:•Thegorgeouscarlooks/isawesome!•Hisideasoundsreasonable.•Thebarberdyedherhairred.•Thenaughtyboymadehissistercry.Theoldhavebeentakengoodcareof.定语表语宾语补足语The+adj表示一类人,做主语或宾语表语1.名词+后缀形容词1)–ful:help-helpful,use-useful2)–al:nature—natural3)–able:reason—reasonable4)ce-t:patience-patient2.动词+后缀形容词:interest—interested—interestingamaze—amazed——amazing常见形容词后缀:-ing形容词一般修饰事物。-ed形容词主语一般是人。5)ty-ious:curiosity-curious练习1.Sheisa______(nature)musician.2Themanisaworker_______(retire)lastyear.3.Itwillnotbe_______(suit)forustoliveintheworldinthefuture.4.Thekidwasvery_______(interest)inphysics.5.Weallfindit__________(importance)tolearnEnglishwell.6.Maryfelt________(please),becausethereweremanyemptyseatsintheroom.(2016年广东高考语法填空)2naturalretiredsuitableinterestedimportantpleased在英语里,一般定语前置时的次序为:限定词,形容词、分词、动名词和名词性定语。但当几个形容词同时出现在名词之前,我们要注意其次序。其形容词遵循的词序为:限观形龄色国材,指:限定词(包括冠词,指示词数量),外观(美丽等),形状(大小高矮肥瘦),年龄;颜色;国籍;材料;用途。afamousAmericanuniversityaninterestingsmalloldItalianpaintinganewplasticbucket多个定语形容词排列顺序:其形容词排列遵循的词序为:限观形龄色国材,指:限定词(包括冠词,指示词数量),外观(美丽等),形状(大小高矮肥瘦),年龄;颜色;国籍;材料;用途。。县官行令杀国才。。县官行令杀国才。一辆漂亮的黄色意大利小车。那位魅力十足的年轻苗条的女士。agorgeoussmallyellowItaliancarthatcharmingslimyounglady.表语形容词:它指的是那些只用于连系动词后作表语,而不能用于名词前作定语的形容词。英语中的表语形容词非常有限,归纳起来,主要有以下几类:1.某些以a-开头形容词:absent缺席的,afraid害怕的alive活着的alone单独的,ashamed羞愧的,asleep睡着的,awake醒着的,alike相似的请看实例:Don’tbeafraidofit.别怕。Hewasaloneinthehouse.他独自一人在家里。若要用作定语且具有以上意义,可改用其他形容词:误:anasleepchild,anashamedgirl,analivepoet正:asleepingchild,ashygirl,alivingpoet2、某些表示健康的形容词fine健康的ill有病的well健康的faint昏迷的请看实例:hewasillandcouldn’tcome.他病了,所以不能来。注意:very不能用来修饰表语形容词;afraid害怕的,ashamed羞愧的,除外。Hefellasleepcompletely.Theywereveryashamedofhisbehavior.Friends,supperisreadynow.Theyarefondofglobaltour.Thetwinslookalikesomuch.Englishiswellworthlearning..改正下列句中的错误Ihavetostayathometolookaftermyillsister,whocaughtabadcoldtheotherday.解析:ill表示“生病的”意思时,只用作表语形容词,不能作定语。什么是表语形容词?sickb.表语形容词作定语要后置。把括号中的词放入恰当的位置Allthepeopleatthepartywerehissupporters.(present)c.形容词修饰不定代词something,everything,anything,nothing,nobody等时,要位其于后面。如:Isthereanythingimportantintoday’snewspaper?3任何聪明人:anybodysmart;2.今天的报纸上有什么重要新闻吗?1.美好的东西:SomethingniceD.enough做副词修饰形容词时,放在其修饰的形容词后面。Theyarestrongenoughtoperformancethefiercegame.Thesingerwaswealthyenoughtobuysuchaluxuryvehicle.例:________totakethisadventurecoursewillcertainlylearnalotofusefulskills.(全国)A.BraveenoughstudentsB.EnoughbravestudentsC.StudentsbraveenoughD.Studentsenoughbraveenough修饰形容词时要放在形容词之后,enough修饰名词时放在前后都可。原级比较句型结构:•1.“as+adj/adv+as”一样…等级比较2.notso(as)+adj/adv+as.”不如…不等级比较•该句型常用来描述两个比较对象的•程度上的相似或不同(即平时说的“等级比较和•不等级比较”)。•例如:•Mycomputerisnotso(as)heavyasyours.•我的电脑不如你的重。•2.“asmany/few+可数名词复数+as”•或•asmuch/little(少的)+不可数名词+as。•前者描述数目上接近,后者描述量相近。•例如:•Youmaygetasmanybooksasyoucan.•你能借多少书就借少。•“Drinkasmuchwaterasyoucan.”thedoctorsaidtohim.•医生对他说:“你要尽可能的多喝些水。Youcan’tbetoocareful.Youcan’tbecarefulenough.你越仔细越好。越…就越好;怎么…也不为过分:主语+can’tbetoo+adj=主语+can’tbe+adj+enoughlittleless不规则变化形式much/manymoremostfarfartherfarthestbad/ill/badlyworseworstgood/wellbetterbestleast8词尾变化原级比较级最高级单音节词在词尾加-er(比较级)或-est(最高级)以不发音的字母e结尾的词加-r或-sttallhardlargewide重读闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母,须先双写这个一个辅音字母,再加er或estbighotthinfatwet以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,变y为i,再加-er,或-esthappydryearlynarrowcleverable多音节词和多数双音节词在其前面加more和mostdifficultpopulartallerharderlargerwidertallesthardestlargestwidestbiggerhotterfatterwetterbiggesthottestfattestwettesthappierdrierearlierhappiestdriestearliestnarrowerclevererablernarrowestcleverestablestmoredifficultmorepopularmostdifficultmostpopular少数以-er,-ow,-able结尾的双音节词,末尾加-er或-est原级goodwellbadillmanymuchlittlefarold比较级最高级betterbestworseworstlessmoremostfarther/furtherolder/elderleastfarthest/furthestoldest/eldest巧记:特殊形式比较级共有三对二合一坏病两多并两好little意思不是小一分为二有两个一是老来二是远latelaterlatestfatfatterfattesthappyhappierhappiestdifficultmoredifficultthemostdifficultcarefulinterestingdeliciousbeautifulImportantpopularfine,nice,large,safe/big,thinheavy,pretty,easy,thirsty,healthy7比较级的用法:1.表一方超过另一方时,用“比较级+than”结构;表一方不如另一方时,用“less+原级+than”结构.Thisparkisbetterthanthatone.Thisparkislesscutethanthatone.2.比较级前可加修饰词much,even,alot,abit,alittle,still,far,yet,byfar,rather.注意:byfar通常用于强调最高级,用于比较级时一般放在比较级后面;如放在前面,应在中间加the.比较级考点:1.表示“比...更”。用比较级形容词+than+比较成分,than后的动词往往省略,非正式用法than后人称代名词可用宾格。Heisyoungerthanme.他比我年轻。Iamabetterswimmerthanhe(him).2.表“较...低;不及...”用less+原级形容词+than+比较成分。Iamlessyoungthanhe(is).我不比他年轻。3.表两者之中“较...”,用the+比较级+ofthetwo。Thisoneisthebiggerofthetwohouses.这所房子是两座房子中较大的。4.定冠词/指示形容词+比较级+名词表示比较意义。ThetallerboyisJohn.那个身材较高的男孩子是约翰。5.有少数以ior结尾的形容词,如inferior(次于),junior(年幼的;下级的),prior(之前),senior(年长的,上级的),superior(优于)等与介词to连用。Thismethodissuperiortothatone.这种方法优于那种方法如:Heistallerbyfarthanhisbrother.Heisbyfarthetallerofthetwobrothers.Hisexplanationis_____.A.byfarclearerB.clearerbyfarC.theclearerbyfarD.theclearer比较形容词可以被副词如alittle(一点),much(得多),even(更加),still(更加),far(...的多),alot,abit,agreatdeal,rather,alittle,等修饰,翻译:现在的生活简单得多了。Lifeisveryeasierthanitwastwentyyearsago.Lifeisverymucheasierthanitwastwentyyearsa