外研社必修四 module6 grammarmm

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Period3Module6UnexplainedMysteriesoftheNaturalWorldFunctionGrammar语法专题突破品味语法1.WhenIgottotheairport,theymayhavejustlefthome.2.It’ssurprisingthatyoucandrive.Youmusthavelearneditbefore.3.Thereisnowheretofindthem.Wherecantheyhavegone?4.Youneedn’thavetakenataxihere,foritwasveryneartomyhouse.自我探究以上各句均使用了“情态动词+havedone”结构。该结构的动作发生在过去。1.musthave+donesth表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句。Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.昨晚一定下雨了,因为地面还是湿的。Youmusthavebeenmadtospeaktotheservant.你和仆人说话,一定是发疯了。2.oughttoshouldhavedonesth.本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做。1.Yououghtto/shouldhavebeenmorecarefulinthisexperiment.3.“shouldn’t+havedone”本来不应该做某事,而实际做了。1.Look,Tomiscrying.Ishouldn’thavebeensoharshonhim.我本来不应该对他如此严厉的。4.needn’thavedonesth本没必要做某事而做了Idressedverywarmlyforthetrip,butIneedn’thavedoneso.Theweatherwashot.5.need+havedone”本来需要做某事而没有做。Heneedhavehurriedtothestation.Inthatcase,hewouldn’thavemissedthetrain.他本来需要快点去车站,那样的话,他就不会误了火车。6.“could+havedone”“本来能够做某事而没有做”。Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewastoocareless.本来他能够通过考试的,但是他太粗心了。7.“can’t+havedone”“不可能做过某事”对过去事情的否定推测。Marycan’thavestolenyourmoney.Shehasgonehome.Mr.Smithcan’thavegonetoBeijing,forIsawhiminthelibraryjustnow.Grammar---3.Summary(2m)8.may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测,意思是“可能已经”,用于肯定句中。—WhathashappenedtoGeorge?—Idon'tknow.Hemayhavegotlost.—乔治发生了什么事?—我不知道,他可能迷路了。9.“might+have+done”表示对过去事情的推测,might与may意思相同,但可能性更小。1.Hemighthavegivenyoumorehelp,eventhoughhewasbusy.(MET90)他或许会多给你一些帮助,即使他很忙。2.Shemighthaveachievedgreaterprogress,ifyouhadgivenhermorechances.如果你多给她点机会,她可能已经取得更大的成绩。musthavedone对过去某事的肯定猜测想必,一定,准是may/mighthavedone对过去某事的可能性猜测可能已经can’t/couldn’thavedone对过去某事的否定性猜测想必不可能,一定不should/oughttohavedone过去应该做而实际未做本应该(责备,语气较强)couldhavedone本来能做的事实际却未做到(遗憾,惋惜)情态动词+have+过去分词表示否定的情态动词的用法:mustn’t不准;禁止needn’t没必要(=don’thaveto)can’t不能;不可能maynot不可以;可能不shouldn’t不应该(=oughtnotto)Function---1.Presentation1.ManypeoplethinkthemonstermayberelatedtoNessie.2.Theythinktheremightbesimilarcreaturesinotherlakes.3.Scientistssaythelakeisunlikelytobeabletosupportsuchabigcreature.Whichsentencessaythatsomethingispossible?Whichsentencessaythatsomethingisimpossible?Whichwordisfollowedbyto+verb?1,23unlikelyFUNCTION小结:may:可能会,或许会might:可能,或许(语气更不肯定)unlikely:可能性不大的(形容词)1.Itmaybeanewspecies.它可能是一种新的物种。他或许不在那儿。2.Hemaynotbethere.语气强弱3.Hissuggestionmightbeworththinkingabout.他的建议或许值得考虑。我有许多或许你感兴趣的书。4.Ihavegotalotofbooksthatmightinterestyou.7点钟前她可能到不了。他不大可能受伤。5.Sheisunlikelytoarrivebefore7.6.Itisunlikelythathegotinjured.Function---3.Practice(4m)Doactivity2onpage54.Keys:1.Theremightstillbedinosaurssomewhere.2.Don’tgonearthewater.Itmaybeverydeep.3.Wearelikelytoseethemonster.4.TheremaybeanundergroundriverfromLochNesstothesea.5.Wemusthelphim---hemaynotbeabletoswim.6.Therearelikelytobelotsofstrangecreaturesinthatlake.Grammar---2.Presentation(3m)ReadthesentencesandanswerthequestionsThedinosaursmayhavestoppedevolving,andbeenunabletoadapttochangesintheclimate.Theymighthavekilledeachother.Weusemayhavedoneormighthavedonetotalkabout_____________.1.Somethingwhichhappenedinthepast---perhaps.2.Somethingwhichisimpossible.3.Somethingwhichmayhappeninthefuture.1Grammar---4.Practice(5m)Doactivity2and3onpage57.Keys:1.mighthavecaused2.mayhavecutoff3.mayhavesurvived4.mighthavebeenkilledThinkofmorereasonswhythedinosaursmighthavedisappeared.注:word文档点击此处链接IndividualactivityⅡ.单项填空1.(2011年高考课标全国卷)They________havearrivedatlunchtimebuttheirflightwasdelayed.A.willB.canC.mustD.should解析:选D。句意:他们本应该在午饭时间就到达的,但是他们的航班被耽搁了。willhavedone表示将来完成时;canhavedone一般用于否定与疑问的推测;musthavedone表示对过去发生事情的肯定推测,意为“肯定/必定做过某事”;shouldhavedone表示“过去应该做某事(而实际上未做)”2.—Ididn’tgotoworkyesterdayafternoonbecausemycarbrokedown.—You________mine,Iwasn’tusingit.A.couldhaveborrowedB.mightborrowC.musthaveborrowedD.oughttoborrow解析:选A。句意:——昨天下午我没能去上班,因为我的车抛锚了。——你本来可以借我的,那时我刚好不用它。表示对过去事情的虚拟,所以用couldhavedone。3.Mark________havehurried.Afterdrivingattopspeed,hearrivedhalfanhourearly.A.needn’tB.wouldn’tC.mustn’tD.couldn’t解析:选A。考查情态动词+havedone的用法。句意:马克本没有必要那么急。全速开车后他提前了半个小时到达。根据句意和前后的照应可知应选A项。A项表示“本没有必要”;B项意为“不会”;C项表示“不允许”;D项表示“不可能”。显然B、C、D三项与后文论述不符。4.(2011年高考江苏卷)—Ileftmyhandbagonthetrain,butluckilysomeonegaveittoarailwayofficial.—Howunbelievabletogetitback!Imean,someone________it.A.willhavestolenB.mighthavestolenC.shouldhavestolenD.musthavestolen解析:选B。句意:“我把手提包忘在了火车上,但幸运的是有个人把它交给了铁路部门的一名官员。”“还能找回来多么令人难以置信!我的意思是,有人原本可能把它偷走的。”mighthavedone“可能已经……”,表示对过去发生之事的不太肯定的推测,符合题意。willhavedone表示将来完成时;shouldhavedone本应该做某事但实际未做;musthavedone表示对过去发生之事的肯定推测。5.I________havewatchedthatmovie—it’llgivemehorribledreams.A.shouldn’tB.needn’tC.couldn’tD.mustn’t解析:选A。句意:我本不应该看那部电影——它会给我带来噩梦。由破折号后的内容来判断,其前内容为“不该做某事而做了”。should’thavedonesth.本来不该做某事却做了;needn’thavedonesth.本来不必做某事却做了;couldn’thavedonesth.为否定推测,表示“不可能做过某事”。6.Jackdescribedhisfather,who________abraveboymanyyearsago,asastrongwilledman.A.wouldbeB.wouldhavebeenC.mustbeD.musthavebeen解析:选D。句意:杰克把多年以前曾是个勇敢男孩的父亲描述成为一个意志坚强的人。musthavebeen是对过去事实的肯定猜测;mustbe是对现在事实的肯定猜测;wouldbe是过去将来时;wouldhavebeen是虚拟语气,故选D项。7.—Hasyourfathergotup?—Sorry,I’mnotsure.He________havegotup.Pleasegoand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