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HowtoWritetheIntroductionGroupMembers:目录1、引言及其作用2、如何写引言3、引言部分的语言特征4、总结1.引言及其作用1.1什么是引言1.2为什么要写引言1.3引言的作用1.4何时写引言WhatisIntroduction?Introductionisthefirstsectionofascientificpaper,includingthebackgroundinformationoftheresearch,thenatureandscopeoftheprobleminvestigated.Whydowehavetowriteanintroduction?Withoutanintroductionitissometimesverydifficultforyourreaderstofigureoutwhatyouaretryingtosay.Thereneedstobeathreadofanideathattheywillfollowthroughyourpaper.Whatisthesubjectabout?WhyI(we)carriedouttheexperiment,thatistosay,whatistheproblem?Howdowesolvetheproblem?WhatHowWhyThefunctionofIntroductionToanswerthebasicquestionsWhendowewritetheintroduction?Manybooksrecommendwritingyourintroductionlast,afteryoufinishyourproject.Thisistomakesurethatyouintroducewhatyouareactuallygoingtosay.2.如何写引言2.1引言的组成2.2引言的特点2.3引言的结构与布局2.4引言实例1.Thebackgroundinformation2.Therelevantliterature3.Thenature,scope,purposeandsignificanceoftheproblemsinvestigated4.Themethodtotackletheproblems5.Theresultsoftheinvestigation6.Theconclusionssuggestedbytheresults7.TheexplanationanddefinitionoftermsorabbreviationsThecontentofanIntroductionAttractionBrevityClarityIntroductionBasicrequirementStructuralLayoutofIntroduction1.1Introducingthegeneralresearchareaincludingitsbackground,importance,andpresentlevelofdevelopment1.2ReviewingpreviousresearchinthisareaIndicatingtheproblemthathasnotbeensolvedbypreviousresearch,raisingarelevantquestionSpecifyingthepurposeofyourresearch4.1Announcingyourmajorfindings4.2OutliningthecontentsofyourpaperThefirstlayerThesecondlayerThethirdlayerThefourthlayerOneTemplatea)题X是重要的。b)前人的工作A、B曾经研究过这个问题。c)A、B有一些缺陷。d)我们提出了方法D。e)D的基本特征，和A、B进行比较。f)实验证明D比A、B优越。g)研究前景。ThebackgroundinformationResearchmethodTheauthor’sresearcharticlestructure3.引言部分的语言特征3.1引言部分的时态与语态3.2引言部分常用的句型3.3引言部分常用的词语3.4引言部分的注意事项TenseandVoiceinIntroductionPresentTenseThepresenttense(is,are)isusedwhenstatinggeneralizationsorconclusions.e.g.1：Thispaperisorganizedasfollows.e.g.2：Inthispaper,weadoptanIAschemeforSISOtransmission……Whendescribingrecentadvancesinacertainresearchfield,oraimingtoemphasizetheimpactofsomethinghappeningrecentlyonthepresent,youaresuggestedtousepresentperfecttense.e.g.1:ThisapproachhasbeenexploitedbyCadambeandJafarin…….e.g.2:TheauthorshaveshownthatthemaximumachievableDoF（degreesoffreedom自由度）intheK-usertime-varyingsingle-inputsingle-output(SISO,单输入单输出)PresentPerfectTenseFutureTenseSometimes,inthesentenceincludingtheobjectiveoftheresearch,SimpleFutureTenseisrecommended.e.g.1:InSectionIII,however,wewillarguethatgenericmatrices,namely,samplesfromtheGaussianunitaryensembleobey(1.10)forrelativelylargevaluesofS.e.g.2:WeareconfidentthatfinerargumentsandperhapsnewideaswillallowtoderiveversionsofTheorem1.5withbetterbounds.Voice在学术论文中,我们可能经常会被是否可以使用we（我们）或I（我）的问题困扰。关于这点，一点要区分we在这里指代什么。一般来说，作者使用we提及作者的研究团队而不是泛指人类群体。e.g.1：Inthispaper,weadoptanIAschemeforSISOtransmission,andwetrytomodifythedesigninordertoachievehighersumrate（和速率）performanceinthepracticalSNRregion.（主动语态，we不泛指人群，而是作者所属研究团队）如果需要提及人类群体的认知状态，最好使用被动结构的句子，如：“Itisknow/thoughthat…“，而不是用“Weknow/thinkthat…”。引言部分中，多使用被动语态，而不是主动语态we，尤其是中心的“报告”部分（wasconducted，wasdesigned等）。e.g.1ThisschemehasbeendesignedtoachievetheasymptoticcapacityintheIC……（被动语态）e.g.2ThisnewapproachofinterferencemanagementhasbeennamedIA.（被动语态）exercise1、Brown(1998)____theimportanceoftimemanagementbothwhenpreparingforandactuallysittingexaminations.A.concludeB.concludesC.stressD.stresses2、ForsomeyearstherehasbeenanawarenrssofthedangersofSalmonfarminginScottishLochs,andseveralstudies(seee.g.,Brown[2000],Maclnnes[2002])____potentialrisks.A.indicateB.haveindicateC.claimD.haveclaimed3、IntheCanadianstudyPrimarySchoolFrench,researchers_____aclearassociationbetweenlanguageproficiencyandparentalincome(Lefebvreetal.1999).A.statedB.havestatedC.demonstratedD.havedemonstratedanswer:1.D2.B3.CsentencepatterninIntroductionSentencepatterninIntroductionTheprimaryruleistokeepinscientificstyleClarityPrecisenessConcisenessLogicalandThinkingSentencepatternVocabulary&Abbreviation:Makesurethatyourexpressionisclear,preciseandconcise.Usesomecommonsentencepatternsintheintroduction.1、建立议题中心及概括议题内容的常用句型有：...isacentralissuein…hisdevelopmentof…isatypical/commonproblemin…Foralongtime,ithasbeenthecasethat...Mostaccounts/reports/publicationsclaim/maintainthat…e.g.1:However,Accordingtostudies,allmobilecommunicationstandardsstillincludeaSISOtransmissionmode.（建立议题中心）e.g.2:Inourcontributions,wefirstlyintroduceawaytooptimizetheprecodingsubspacesatalltransmitters,exploitingthefactthatchannelmatricesintheIAmodelarediagonal.Twosolutionsarederived;thefirstisachievediterativelyusingprojectedgradientdescentmethod,thesecondisaclosed-formsolutionthatavoidsthenumericalcomputation,thus,resultinginaverylowcomputationalcomplexity.Secondly,weproposetooptimizetheprecodingvectorsateachtransmitterwithinitsprecodingsubspace.Tothisend,wecombineeachIAprecoderwithanewcombinationprecoder.（概括议题内容）Example2、回顾先前研究结果的常用句型：:Ample(丰富的)researcheshavebeenconductedregarding/on......this