城市低保福利依赖与反依赖研究

I城市低保福利依赖与反依赖研究摘要城市最低生活保障制度被认为是维护社会安全的最后一道防线，在促进经济发展与社会稳定过程中发挥了积极的作用。最低生活保障制度自创立以来，为维护社会稳定，保障我国经济持续、健康、快速发展做出了重要贡献。针对实施过程中存在的确定低保对象困难、落实低保资金困难、执行困难等问题，必须采取加大低保资金低保资金投入、拓宽低保资金来源，建立完善的贫困家庭收入核算机制、监督机制和操作程序，加强各部门协调，多种方式帮助脱贫等措施，使需要社会帮助的人得到有效保护。但是，随着城市低保制度覆盖范围的扩大，大量有劳动能力者进入低保行列。我国也出现了与发达国家相似的福利依赖问题，并开始对社会产生不良影响。目前我国社会福利政策仍处在初级阶段，在社会福利政策设计与制度安排中必须有效防范“福利依赖”。应从实际出发，将劳动者自主为主的社会福利政策理念或价值取向作为建构具有中国特色的社会福利政策体系的基本思维。研究城市低保福利依赖现象及其影响。观测依赖人口特征，运用社会工作能力建设理论与专业方法，帮助低保人员重建自信心，提升自助能力，实现自我价值，走出福利依赖，促进社会公正与社会和谐发展具有重要意义。关键词：城市最低生活保障；社会安全；福利依赖IIAbstractThecitylowestlifeguaranteesystemisthemaintenanceofsocialsecurityinthelastlineofdefense,inpromotingeconomicdevelopmentandsocialstabilityplaysanactiverole.Theminimumlivingsecuritysystemsinceitsinception,tomaintainsocialstability,safeguardourcountryeconomylasts,healthy,rapiddevelopmentmadeimportantcontribution.Inviewofexistingintheprocessofimplementingthedeterminedsecurityobjectsdifficult,fulfilminimumfundingdifficulties,executivedifficultytowaitforaproblem,mustadoptincreasefundinglowlowlowcapitalinvestment,widenthesourcesoffunds,establishandimprovetheincomeofpoorfamiliesaccountingmechanism,supervisionmechanismandoperatingprocedures,tostrengthenthecoordinationofvariousdepartments,variouswaystohelpdeficientandothermeasures,sothatthecommunityneedstohelppeoplegeteffectiveprotection.However,asthecityexpandedcoverageofthesubsistenceallowancessystem,alargenumberoflaborcapacitytoenterthelowranks.Ourcountryalsoappearedanddevelopedsimilarproblemofwelfaredependence,andhasadverseimpacttosociety.China'scurrentsocialwelfarepoliciesarestillintheprimarystage,thesocialwelfarepolicydesignandsystemarrangementmusteffectivelypreventwelfaredependency.Fromapracticalpointofview,JianglaborerownorientedsocialwelfarepolicyideaorvalueorientationastheconstructionofChinesecharacteristicsocialwelfarepolicysystemthebasicthinking.Studyofcityresidentswelfaredependenceanditseffect.Observationondemographiccharacteristics,theuseofsocialandprofessionalabilityconstructiontheoryandmethod,helpsubsistenceallowancesreconstructionself-confidence,enhanceability,realizeself-worth,outofthewelfaredependency,promotesocialjusticeandsocialharmonydevelopmenttohavetheimportantmeaning.Keywords:Thecitylowestlivingsecurity;socialsecurity;socialwelfaredependenceIII目录摘要.................................................................................................................................IAbstract...............................................................................................................................II引言..................................................................................................................................11社会福利依赖的现状....................................................................................................21.1社会福利依赖的界定..........................................................................................21.2我国“低保”中存在的社会福利依赖现象......................................................22我国“低保”中出现福利依赖现象的原因................................................................42.1福利依赖现象的社会分析...................................................................................42.1.1社会歧视因素............................................................................................42.1.2社会福利扩张因素....................................................................................42.2福利依赖现象的经济分析..................................................................................52.3福利依赖现象的制度分析..................................................................................52.4福利依赖现象的个体分析..................................................................................63社会福利依赖的影响....................................................................................................73.1增加政府长期的负担，降低人民的生活水平..................................................73.2导致经济发展动力不足，劳动者动力“真空化”..........................................73.3可能造成人际效仿，使更多的低保对象形成福利依赖..................................73.4影响社会公平......................................................................................................83.5直接影响全面小康目标的实现..........................................................................84克服社会福利依赖的对策............................................................................................94.1政府重视就业工作..............................................................................................94.1.1政府部门进一步清理和创造就业岗位....................................................94.1.2促进受助者就业的合理流动....................................................................94.1.3推行“等值”服务制度............................................................................94.2社会重视福利依赖现象....................................................................................104.2.1社会要加大对受助者就业的扶持力度..................................................104.2.2适当借鉴农村反贫困中的扶贫经验......................................................104.2.3强调家庭的社会义务..............................................................................104.3提高个人素养、培养正确的工作伦理....................