After_Twenty_Years__O.Henry

AfterTwentyYears—O.HenryE0902刘珍子Part1Warm-upQuotationsonJobWithoutambitiononestartsnothing.Withoutworkonefinishesnothing.Theprizewillnotbesenttoyou.Youhavetowinit.Themanwhoknowshowwillalwayshaveajob.Themanwhoalsoknowswhywillalwaysbehisboss.Astomethodstheremaybeamillionandthensome,butprinciplesarefew.Themanwhograspsprinciplescansuccessfullyselecthisownmethods.Themanwhotriesmethods,ignoringprinciples,issuretohavetrouble.—EmersonQuotationsonFriendship“Exceptincasesofnecessity,whicharerare,leaveyourfriendtolearnunpleasantthingsfromhisenemies;theyarereadyenoughtotellthem.”—OliverWendellHolmes“Friendshipistheonlycement[si’ment](afactororelementthatunitesagroupofpeople)thatwilleverholdtheworldtogether.”—WoodrowWilsonGroupDiscussionAfterreadingthesequotations,exchangewithyourpartneryourunderstandingandviewpointsofjoborfriendship.Part2BackgroundInformationO.Henry(1862—1910)wasthepennameofWilliamSydneyPorter,anAmericanshortstorywriter.Hisshort,simplestoriesarenotedfortheircarefulplotting,ironiccoincidences,andsurpriseendings.O.HenrywasborninGreensboro[`ɡrinz,bərə],NorthCarolina[,kærə`lainə].HewenttoTexasin1882andworkedatvariousjobs—astellerinanAustinbank(1891—1894)andasanewspapermanfortheHouston[ju:]Post.In1898anunexplainedshortageintheAustinbankwaschargedtohim.Althoughmanypeoplebelievedhiminnocent,hefledtotheHonduras[hɔn'djuərəs]butreturnedtobewithhiswife,whowasfatallyill.Heeventuallyservedthreeyearsinprison,wherehefirststartedwritingshortstories.UponhisreleasehesettledinNewYork.Althoughhisstorieshavebeencriticizedasshallowandcontrived,O.Henrydidcatchthecolorandmovementofthecityandevidencedagenuinesympathyforordinarypeople.TheAmericanWestisgenerallyconsideredtoincludetheeightRockyMountainstatesandthethreePacificCoaststates.Historically,theWesthasbeenmainlyasociopoliticalorevenmythologicalconceptratherthanaspecificgeographicalarea.TheRockyMountainStates:Thisregionconsistsofeightstates:Arizona,Colorado,Idaho,Montana,Nevada,NewMexico,Utah,andWyoming.ArizonaColoradoIdahoMontanaNevadaNewMexicoThePacificCoastStates:ThisdivisionincludesAlaska,California,Hawaii,OregonandWashington—and,asitsnamesuggests,theyallhavecoastlinesonthePacificOcean(andaretheonlystatesthatborderthatocean)accordingtotheUnitedStatesCensusBureau'sdefinitionofWestRegion.FrontierSpiritandExpansiontowardstheWestThisspirithasshapedAmericanhistoryinauniqueway.Thefrontierspiritthatexistedinthe19thcenturywasborninpartofaneedtoownland.AndthegovernmentthenencouragedthewhitetoexploittheWest.ThismentalityandhistoricalexperienceisfavoredbymostAmericanstodayasadventurous,active,andenterprising.Part3TextAppreciationSettingPlotThemeStructureSettingofthestoryPlace:onabusinessavenueofNewYork;‘BigJoe’Brady’srestaurant20yearsagointhedoorwayofahardwarestoreTime:teno’clockatnightPlotofthestoryBobandJimmyhadobviouslybeenclosefriendstwentyyearsagowhentheywereyoung.Beforetheirseparation,theymadeanappointmenttomeetagainatexactlythesameplaceandthesamehourtwentyyearslater.ThemeofthestoryVS.StructureⅠ.Apolicemanonthebeatafewminutesbefore10pm(para.1-2)Ⅱ.Thepoliceman’sencounterwithamanfromtheWest(para.3-17)Ⅲ.ThearrestofthemanfromWestbyaplainclothesman(para.18-31)Ⅳ.Anotefromthebestfriendofthearrestedman(para.32-33)Part4LanguageStudyWordStudyPhrasesandExpressionsWordBuildingpara.1Thepolicemanonthebeatmoveduptheavenueimpressively.beat:theareaofthetownorcitythatapoliceofficerregularlywalksaround;hisroute,whichhepatrolsonthebeat:checkingtheareaheisassignedtoAvenuen.a.wideroadorpath,oftenlinedwithtrees,esp.onethatleadstoalargehouse;b.widestreetlinedwithtreesortallbuildingsInNewYorkcity,thestreetsrunningfromthewesttotheeastarecalledstreets,suchas31ststreet,andthoserunningfromthenorthtothesouthareoftencalledavenues,suchastheFifthAvenue.Barelyadv.1.inawaythatisjustpossiblebutonlywithdifficulty;2.inawaythatalmostdoesnothappenorexist3.just;notmorethanExamples:1.Hecanbarelyreadorwrite.2.Therewasbarelyanysmell.3.Barely50%ofthepopulationvoted.NotmorethanNomorethanNotlessthanNolessthanGustn.1.suddenviolentrushofair,orofrain,smoke,etc.;2.anoutburstofemotionExamples:1.Thegustofwindblewthedoorshut.1.fitfulgustsofwind阵阵的狂风2.agustofanger勃然大怒EmptyV.1.tomake(aplace)empty;tocausepeopleleave(aplace)2.toflowintoExamples:1.TheTVseriesemptiedthestreetsat8pmeverySaturday.2.TheriverfinallyemptiesintotheAtlantic.Para.2ClubCastV.1tolookorsmile,etcinaparticulardirection2.tomakelightorshadowappearinparticularplace3.tosay,doorsuggestsththatmakepeopledoubtsthorthatsbislesshonest~doubton/uponsth4.tothrowsborsthsomewhere,esp.usingforceExamples:1.Shecastawelcomingsmileinhisdirection.2.Thesadnewscastashadowovertheproceedings.3.Thelatestevidencecastsseriousdoubtonhisversionofevents.4.ThepricelesstreasureshadbeencastintotheNile.[nail]尼罗河Airn.impressiongiven;appearanceormannerExamples:1.smilewithatriumphant[trai'ʌmfənt]得意洋洋的air2.dothingswithanconfidentair(confidently)3.Theplacehasanairofmystery.(Theplacelooksmysterious.)Tryingdoorsashewent:tofindwhethertheywerelocked(his