大学生物专业英语6-(1)

2020/2/151LessonsixTheoriginandDiversityofLife生命的起源和多样性2020/2/152BigBang[bigbæŋ]大爆炸AnexplosionproducingapressureoscillationoftheorderofamillibarormoreatadistantpointontheEarth.e.g.,theeruptionofKrakatoain1883.Largenuclearfusionexplosionsarecomparable.explosion[iks‘pləuʒən]爆炸pressureoscillation[,ɔsə'leiʃən]压力波动,冲击波oftheorder大约millibar['milibɑ:][物]毫巴2020/2/153eruption[i'rʌpʃən]爆发Krakatoa喀拉喀托火山(印度尼西亚一火山岛)nuclearfusion核聚变,核融合comparable[‘kɔmpərəbl]可比较的,比得上的binomialsystemofnomenclature[bai'nəumiəl'nəʊmən,kleitʃə]双名法UsestwoLatinnames,genusandspecies,foreachtypeoforganism.genus['dʒi:nəs](复genera['dʒenərə])属,2020/2/154clade[kleid]进化枝Inacladisticclassification,organismsareplacedintotaxonomicgroupscalledcladeswhentheysharecharacteristicsthatarethoughttoindicatecommonancestry.cladistic[klə‘distik]进化枝的classification[,klæsifi'keiʃən]分类,分级taxonomic[tæksə'nɔmik]分类学的ancestry['ænsistri]祖先2020/2/155class纲Agroupusedintheclassificationoflivingorganisms.Aclassconsistsofanumberofsimilarorcloselyrelatedordersoroccasionallyofonlyoneorder.Classesareusuallylargeandeasilyrecognizedgroups.order目group群体closelyrelated关系相近的2020/2/156coacervate[kəu‘æsəveit]团聚体，凝聚层Acollectionoforganicmacromoleculessurroundedbywatermoleculesthatarealignedtoformasphere.collection集成,聚积macromolecule[,mækrəu'mɔlikju:l]高分子align排列sphere[sfiə]球体2020/2/157continentaldrift[,kɔntə‘nentldrift]大陆漂移Thetheorythatthepresentcontinentsresultfromthebreak-upofalargercontinentandhavemovedindependentlytotheirpresentpositions.resultfrom由...产生break-up分裂破碎core[kɔ:]核心ThecoreoftheEarthisthatpartlyingbelowthemantle.2020/2/158mantle[‘mæntl]地幔crust[krʌst]地壳ThecrustoftheEarthistheoutershelloftheEarth,definedbyitscompositionandthepropertiesofsomeseismicwaves.composition成分，合成物seismicwaves['saizmik]震波2020/2/159division[di'viʒən]门Aunitusedintheclassificationofplants.Adivisionconsistsofanumberofclasses,oroccasionallyofonlyoneclass,withcertainimportantcharacteristicsincommon.characteristic[,kæriktə‘ristik]特性2020/2/1510family科Aunitusedintheclassificationofplantsandanimals.Afamilyconsistsofanumberofcloselyrelatedorsimilargeneraoroccasionallyofonlyonegenus.Familynamesendin-aceaeor-aeinbotanyandin-ideaeinzoology.genera[‘dʒenərə]属genus['dʒi:nəs]botany[‘bɔtəni]植物学zoology[zəʊ'ɔlədʒi:]动物学,生态2020/2/1511genus['dʒi:nəs]属(plural,genera)Aunitusedintheclassificationofplantsandanimals.Agenusconsistsofanumberofcloselyrelatedspecies,andmembersofthesamegenusoftenhaveanumberofobviouscharacteristicsincommonbywhichtheycanclearlybeseentoberelated.plural['pluərəl]复数的2020/2/1512kingdom[‘kiŋdəm]界Inbiology,amajorcategoryintowhichlivingmaterialisclassified.category[‘kætiɡəri]种类,别,范畴livingmaterial生活物质,活质liposome['lipəusəum]脂质体Avesicleformedbythehomogenization(emulsification)ofphospholipidsindilutesaltsolutions.Liposomesaretheprototypesofmembrane-boundbiologicstructures.2020/2/1513vesicle['vesikl]小囊泡homogenization[,həʊmədʒənaɪ'zeiʃən]均质化emulsification[i,mʌlsifi'keiʃən]乳化,乳化作用phospholipid[,fɔsfəu'lipid]磷脂dilute[dai‘lju:t]冲淡,稀释solution[sə'lu:ʃən]溶液prototype['prəutətaip]原型,典型membrane-bound膜结合的,膜约束的2020/2/1514interior[in‘tiəriə]内部core核心order目Aunitusedintheclassificationofplantsandanimals.Anorderconsistsofanumberofsimilarorcloselyrelatedfamiliesoronlyonefamily.Namesofordersendtypicallyin–alesinplantsandin-ainanimals.ozonelayer[‘əuzəun'leiə]臭氧层Alayeroftheatmosphere,about20-50kmabovethesurface,whichcontainsozoneproducedbyultravioletradiation.2020/2/1515ultravioletradiation[,ʌltrə‘vaiəlit,reidi'eiʃən]紫外辐射phylum['failəm]{复phyla['failə]}门Aunitusedintheclassificationofanimals.Aphylumconsistofanumberofclasses,oroccasionallyofonlyoneclass,withcertainimportantcharacteristicsincommon,implyingthatallmembersaredescendedfromacommonancestor.descendedfrom从...下来imply暗示,意味ancestor祖先,祖宗2020/2/1516proteinoid[,prəu'tinɔid]类蛋白(质)Aproteinlikestructureofbranchedaminoacidchainsthatisthebasicstructureofamicrosphere.branched分枝的microsphere微球体species['spi:ʃi:z]物种种Aunitusedintheclassificationofplantsandanimals.Ideallyaspeciesisdefinedasagroupoforganismsthatinterbreedwitheachothertoproducefertileoffspring.2020/2/1517ideally理想地在观念上地define定义,详细说明group群体interbreed[,intə'bri:d](使)异种交配,(使)混种fertile[‘fə:tail]能繁殖的taxon['tæksɔn](复taxa['tæksə])分类单位，分类群Aunitofclassificationofanyrankinthehierarchicalscale.hierarchical[,haiə‘rɑ:kikəl]分等级的2020/2/1518scale衡量,测量,刻度taxonomy[tæk'sɔnəmi:]分类学Thestudyofthetheory,procedure,andrulesofclassificationoforganismsaccordingtothesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthem.procedure程序,手续2020/2/15191.Ahomeforlife:FormationofthesolarsystemandplanetearthThestoryoflife’soriginsbeginswiththeformationoftheearth.生命起源于地球的形成。Thesequenceofeventsthatgaverisetoourplanetbegan,inturn,withthecosmicexplosionphysicistscalltheBigBang.我们行星的形成开始于宇宙物理学家所命名的大爆炸。2020/2/1520Thesunatthecenterofoursolarsystemcondensedfromacloudofprimordialmatterroughly5billionyearsago;theplanets,includingtheearth,condensedabout4.6billionyearsago.太阳，位于太阳系中心，在大约50亿年前，由原始物质浓缩形成;行星,包括地球在内,生成于