ForeignLanguageDepartmentCOCOLecture6:英语形容词和副词的用法讲解ForeignLanguageDepartmentCOCOTranslationof“好”1.我们是好朋友。2.我有好消息告诉你。3.她心地好。4.她好看。5.她钢琴弹得好。6.这本书博得广大读者好评.7.这笔部好使。8.那段时间他们的日子不好过。9.他英语说得好10.听好!11.你做的饭真好吃。12.这个问题好回答。13.这件事好办。14.好热。15.如果这个问题处理不好会惹麻烦。16.这本书好看。17.幸好周围有人。18.把她的地址告诉我,我好找她。ForeignLanguageDepartmentCOCO请写出下列句子,注意形容词、副词的位置及用法有好的可爱的可能的孤独的丑他说话时对我很友好。他英语说得很好。ForeignLanguageDepartmentCOCO4.1形容词及其用法形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。如:hot热的ForeignLanguageDepartmentCOCO2)叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。如:afraid害怕的(×)Heisanillman.(√)Themanisill.(×)Sheisanafraidgirl.(√)Thegirlisafraid.这类词还有:well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake等。P139ForeignLanguageDepartmentCOCO3)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后。如:somethingnice4.2以-ly结尾的形容词1)大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。如:friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。改错:(×)Shesanglovely.(√)Hersingingwaslovely.ForeignLanguageDepartmentCOCO(×)Hespoketomeveryfriendly.(√)Hespoketomeinaveryfriendlyway.2)有些以-ly结尾既为形容词,也为副词。如:daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early.TheTimesisadailypaper.TheTimesispublisheddaily.4.3用形容词表示类别和整体1)某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接。如:thedead,theliving,therich,thepoor,theblind,thehungryThepoorarelosinghope.ForeignLanguageDepartmentCOCO4.4多个形容词修饰名词的顺序多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色)--出处--材料性质,类别--名词asmallroundtableatallgraybuildingadirtyoldbrownshirtafamousGermanmedicalschoolanexpensiveJapanesesportscarForeignLanguageDepartmentCOCO4.5副词及其基本用法副词主要用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或其他结构。一、副词的位置:1)在动词之前。2)在be动词、助动词之后。3)多个助动词时,副词一般放在第一个助动词后。注意:ForeignLanguageDepartmentCOCOa.大多数方式副词位于句尾,但宾语过长,副词可以提前,以使句子平衡。Wecouldseeveryclearlyastrangelightaheadofus.b.方式副词well,badly糟、坏,hard等只放在句尾。他英语说得很好。HespeaksEnglishwell.二、副词的排列顺序:1)时间,地点副词,小单位的在前,大单位在后。ForeignLanguageDepartmentCOCO2)方式副词,短的在前,长的在后,并用and或but等连词连接。Pleasewriteslowlyandcarefully.3)多个不同副词排列:程度+地点+方式+时间副词。注意:副词very可以修饰形容词,但不能修饰动词。改错:(×)IverylikeEnglish.(√)IlikeEnglishverymuch.ForeignLanguageDepartmentCOCO注意:副词enough要放在形容词的后面,形容词enough放在名词前后都可。Idon'tknowhimwellenough.Thereisenoughfoodforeveryonetoeat.Thereisfoodenoughforeveryonetoeat.4.6兼有两种形式的副词1)close与closelyclose意思是“近”;closely意思是“仔细地”Heissittingclosetome.Watchhimclosely.ForeignLanguageDepartmentCOCO2)late与latelylate意思是“晚”;lately意思是“最近”Youhavecometoolate.Whathaveyoubeendoinglately?3)deep与deeplydeep意思是“深”,表示空间深度;deeply时常表示感情上的深度,“深深地”Hepushedthestickdeepintothemud.Evenfatherwasdeeplymovedbythefilm.ForeignLanguageDepartmentCOCO4)high与highlyhigh表示空间高度;highly表示程度,相当于muchTheplanewasflyinghigh.Ithinkhighlyofyouropinion.5)wide与widelywide表示空间宽度;widely意思是“广泛地”,“在许多地方”Heopenedthedoorwide.Englishiswidelyusedintheworld.ForeignLanguageDepartmentCOCO6)free与freelyfree的意思是“免费”;freely的意思是“无限制地”Youcaneatfreeinmyrestaurantwheneveryoulike.Youmayspeakfreely;saywhatyoulike.4.7as+形容词或副词原级+as1)在否定句或疑问句中可用so…as。Hecannotrunso/asfastasyou.ForeignLanguageDepartmentCOCO2)当as…as中间有名词时采用以下格式。as+形容词+a+单数名词as+many/much+名词a.Thisisasgoodanexampleastheotheris.b.Icancarryasmuchpaperasyoucan.3)用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时,放在as的前面。a.Thisroomistwiceasbigasthatone.b.Yourroomisthesamesizeasmine.ForeignLanguageDepartmentCOCO4)倍数+as+adj.+as=倍数+then+ofa.Thisbridgeisthreetimesaslongasthatone.b.Thisbridgeisthreetimesthelengthofthatone.c.Yourroomistwiceaslargeasmine.d.Yourroomistwicethesizeofmine.ForeignLanguageDepartmentCOCO4.8比较级形容词或副词+thanYouaretallerthanI.Theylightsinyourroomareasbrightasthoseinmine.注意:1)要避免重复使用比较级。(错)Heismoreclevererthanhisbrother.(对)Heismorecleverthanhisbrother.(对)Heiscleverthanhisbrother.ForeignLanguageDepartmentCOCO2)要避免将主语含在比较对象中。(×)ChinaislargerthatanycountryinAsia.(√)ChinaislargerthananyothercountriesinAsia.3)要注意对应句型,遵循前后一致的原则。ThepopulationofShanghaiislargerthanthatofBeijing.Itiseasiertomakeaplanthantocarryitout.ForeignLanguageDepartmentCOCO4)要注意冠词的使用,后有名词的时候,前面才有可能有名词。比较:Whichislarge,CanadaorAustralia?Whichisthelargercountry,CanadaorAustralia?Sheistallerthanhertwosisters.Sheisthetallerofthetwosisters.ForeignLanguageDepartmentCOCO4.9可修饰比较级的词1)abit,alittle,rather,much,far,byfar,many,alot,lots,agreatdeal,any,still,even等2)还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。3)以上词(除byfar)外,必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。ForeignLanguageDepartmentCOCO4.10many,old和far1)如果后接名词时,muchmore+不可数名词、manymore+可数名词复数2)old有两种比较级和最高级形式:older/oldest和elder/eldest。elder,eldest只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。Myelderbrotherisanengineer.Maryistheeldestofthethreesisters.3)far有两种比较级,farther,further.在英语中两者都可指距离。在美语中,father表示距离,further表示进一步。Ihavenothingfurthertosay.ForeignLanguageDepartmentCOCO4.11the+最高级+比较范围1)TheSaharaisthebiggestdesertintheworld.形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the,副词最高级前可不用。形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示“非常”。Itisamostimportantproblem.=Itisaveryimportantproblem.ForeignLanguageDepartmentCOCO注意:使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。(×)Tomisthetallestofhisthreebrothers.(√)Tomisthetallestofthethreebrothers.2)下列词可修饰最高级,byfar,far,