现在完成时态

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现在完成时态详细讲解及其练习一、现在完成时由“have/has+过去分词”构成,主要有两个含义:①表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果,常用的时间状语有manytimes,just,yet,ever,never,already,sofar,bynow等。IhavealreadywatchedtheTVplay.我已经看过这部电视剧了。(现在我对它不感兴趣了)——Haveyoufoundyourlostpenyet?——No,Ihaven’tfoundityet.(我很着急)②表示动作或者状态在过去已经开始,持续到现在,也许还将持续下去。用于延续性动词,常常与sofar、for或者since短语连用。since+时间点/从句,for+时间段,如fortwomonths等。IhavetaughtEnglishsince2000.IhavetaughtEnglishsince16yearsago.IhavetaughtEnglishfor16years一、现在完成时的构成(一)肯定式主语+助动词have/has+过去分词+其它说明:这里的have/has是助动词,没有什么具体意义。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用has,其余人称一律用have。has,have的缩略式分别为's或've。规则动词过去分词的构成与过去式的构成方式一样,不规则动词可参看不规则动词表。实例:1)I'vejustcopiedallthenewwords.我刚抄写了所有的生词。(表示不要再抄了)2)Shehaslostherbooks.她丢失了她的书。(表示到目前为止还没有找到)(如果用过去时:Shelostherbooks.则强调书是过去丢的这一动作,而不知现在有没有找到)3)We'vejustcleanedtheclassroom.我们刚好打扫了教室。(表明现在教室是干净的)(二)否定式主语+助动词have/has+not+过去分词+其它说明:现在完成时构成否定句时,只需在助动词have/has后面加not就行。havenot,hasnot的缩略式分别为haven't,hasn't。另外,肯定句中有some,already时,改为否定时要分别改成any,yet。实例:1)Ihaven'tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.我还没有完成我的作业。2)Shehasn'ttravelledonatrain.她没有坐火车旅行过。3)Wehaveneverspokentoaforeigner.我们从来没有和外国人说过话。注:有时not可以用never代替,表示“从来没有”的意思。又如:4)Ihaveneverseenhimbefore.以前我从来没有见过他。(三)一般疑问式助动词Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其它?说明:把陈述句中的have或has放到句首,句末打问号,同时把句中的some,already改为any,yet就构成了一般疑问句。肯定回答用“Yes,主语+have/has.否定回答用“No,主语+haven't/hasn't.”有时也可以用“No,notyet./No,never./No,notevenonce.”等。实例:1)—Haveyouevermadedumplings?你曾经做过饺子吗?—Yes,Ihave.是的,我做过。2)—Hassheeverbeenabroad?她曾经出过国吗?—No,never.不,从来没有。3)—Havetheyfoundthelostbooksyet?他们已经找到了丢失的书吗?—Yes,theyhave.是的,他们找到了。注意:当句中有否定词not,hardly(几乎不),never的时候,在改为反意疑问句时,附加部分用肯定形式。例如:Youhavenevercometoourschool,haveyou?你以前从来没有来过我们学校,是吗?二、现在完成时的用法(一)现在完成时的用法1:表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时,常与时间副词already(已经),yet(还、已经),just(刚刚、仅仅),ever(曾经),never(从不),before(以前)等连用。这几个副词的用法如下:1.already意为“已经”,通常用于肯定句中,可放在助动词之后,过去分词之前,也可以放在句末。实例:1)I'vealreadyreadthisbook.我已经读过这本书了。(“读”这一动作发生在过去,对现在造成的影响是“知道书中的内容”。)2)I'vewashedmyclothesalready.我已经洗了衣服。(洗衣服的动作已完成,其结果是“衣服冼干净了”。)注意:在表示吃惊或明知故问等感情色彩时,already也可用于(口语)疑问句中。实例:3)Haveyoumethimalready?你(真的)已经见过他了?2.yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”,用在否定句中意为“还”,常放在句末。实例:1)—Hashefoundhiswatchyet?他已经找到他的手表了吗?—No,notyet.不,还没有。2)Thewomanhasn'tfoundherdogyet.那位妇女还没有找到她的狗。(没找到狗,心里着急,这就是对现在的影响)3.just意为“刚刚”,表示行为刚刚过去,常放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例:Hehasjustcomebackfromschool.他刚从学校回来。4.ever意为“曾经”,用于疑问句或否定句中,放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例:1)HaveyoueverbeentoHongKong?你曾去过香港吗?2)Ihaven'teverspokentoher.我未曾和她说过话。5.never意为“从来没有”常与before连用(before要放在句尾,而never多放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例:Ihavenevertravelledbyplanebefore.我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。6.before意为“以前”,指过去不确定的某个时间,总是放在句末,不受句型的限制。实例:1)HaveyoubeentoHainanbefore?你以前去过海南吗?2)Ihaven'teatenGuangdongfoodbefore.我以前没吃过广东菜。一、用过去时或现在完成时填空:1.“_______you________(have)lunch?”“Yes.”“When_______you_______(have)it?”“I_____(have)itat12:00.”2.“______you_______(write)alettertoyourauntyet?”“Yes,I_______.I_______(write)onelastweek.”3.“______he_______(finish)hishomework?”“Notyet.”4.“_______theyever_____(be)abroad?”“Yes,justonce.”5.Yourfather_____just_______(finish)hiswork.6.Yourfather________(finish)hisworkjustnow.7.LasttermI______(learn)manyEnglishwords.8.They______(notread)theinterestingbooksyet.9.He______never_________(go)tothesciencemuseum.10.______youever________(drink)coke?11.“______you______(buy)adictionary?““Yes,I_______.”“Where________you________(buy)it?”“I___________(buy)itinabookstore.”“When_________you_______(buy)it?”“Yesterday.”二、用since和for填空1.______twoyears2.______twoyearsago3._____lastmonth4.______19995._______yesterday6._______4o’clock7.____4hours8.____anhourago9.______wewerechildren10._____lunchtime11.______shelefthere12.HehaslivedinNanjing________theyearbeforelast.13.I’veknownhim__________wewerechildren.14.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese_________threeyears.15.Shehasbeenawayfromthecity___________abouttenyears.16.It’sabouttenyears__________sheleftthecity.三、用have/hasbeento/in,havegoneto及go的各种形式填空。1)WhereisJack?He__________hiscountry.2)David________theparkjustnow.3)John_______Englandsincehecameback.4)Howlong_____have_____thisvillage?5)TheSmiths______Beijingforyears.6)_____youever____America?--Yes,I_____theremanytimes.7)I_____thisschoolsincethreeyearsago.8)WhereisJim?He_____thefarm.9)When_____he_____?He_______anhourago.10)Wouldyouliketo_____thezoowithme?---Yes,butI_____therebefore.11)Where_____you_____now?---I____thezoo.12)Heoften_____swimming.13)_____you______therelastyear?14)_____theyoften______skatinginwinter?四、综合练习:I.用never,ever,already,yet,for,since填空1.Ihave_______seenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.2.Jackhas_________finishedhishomework________anhourago.3.Mr.Wanghastaughtinthisschool________tenyears.4.“Haveyou_______seenthefilm?”“No,Ihave________seenit.”5.“Hasthebusleft_______?”“Yes,ithas_________left.”六、短暂性动词转换为延续性动词①arriveat/insw.getto/reachsw.come/go/movetosw.→beinsw./atschool/athome/onthefarm/behere/bethere1)HegottoBeijingfiveminutesago.He___________________Beijingfor_______________.2)ImovedtotheUSAlastyear.I__________________theUSAsince_______________.3)Iwenthomeyesterday.I____________________homefor_______________.4)Theycameherelastweek.They____________heresince_______________.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