1记住音标拼写规则,再也不用担心背单词对于很多人来说,背单词都是个大问题26个字母的各种排列,再加上还有各种形近词,要记住那么多简直不可能其实,英语单词的拼写和读音是有规律可循的,记好下面这些音标和字母的对应规则,保证你从此再也不担心背单词了!注意:音素和字母是两套系统,有着本质的区别,但是两者也是有联系的,在英语中什么字母读什么音都是有规律的,这个规律就是读音规则,比如:class[klɑ:s],字母和音素是对应的,c读作/k/;l读作/l/;a读作/ɑ:/;ss读作/s/.所以从此中角度来说,音标有两个作用:首先是单词的读音,这是音标的首要作用,还有就是:记忆单词的工具和媒介。通过音标记单词可以起到提示的作用。并且能够合二为一,即把音标和单词合起来,成为一体,靠的就是读音规则。这也是记忆单词的根本方法,一定要坚决贯彻到底。音标和字母的关系(读音规则)简言之:在英语中什么字母读什么音是有规律的,这个规律就是读音规则总则:元音字母读元音,辅音字母读辅音开音节:a)辅音+元音+辅音+ename,bike;b)辅音+元音he,go,hi闭音节:a)辅音+元音+辅音bad,,sit,hot,cup;b)元音+辅音it重读音节、次重读音节和非重读音节在一个单词的读音当中,往往有的音节读得重,有的音节读得轻。读得重的音节叫重读音节(其注音左上角有重读符号“ˊ”),读得轻的音节叫非重读音节,介于重读音节和非重读音节之间的音节叫次重读音节(其注音左下角有次重读符号“'”)。例如:Chi▪na[ˊtʃainə];Jap▪a▪nese[¸dʒæpəˊni:z]元音1、元音字母在开音节中发字母本身的音或长音:即:a/ei/或/a:/如:cake[keik]蛋糕、afternoon[ˌɑ:ftəˈnu:n]下午e/i:/evening['i:vniŋ]晚上i/aɪ/hi[hai]喂o/əu/或/u:/go[ɡəu]去who/hu:/谁u/u:/或/ju:/usually[ˈju:ʒuəli]通常2、元音字母在闭音节中发音:a/æ/bag[bæɡ]书包记忆法:小哥俩背对背(/æ/)a级关系(a)e/e/pen[pen]钢笔记忆法:字母和音标形状一样i/I/big/bIg/大的记忆法:字母和音标形状一样o/D/或/Λ/son/sΛn/儿子记忆法:太阳(字母o)从山(/Λ/)上露出半边脸(/D/)u/Λ/sun/sΛn/太阳记忆法:有(谐音指字母u)山(/Λ/)3、另外需注意:所谓开音节和闭音节前提必须是重读音节或次重读音节,另外,开音节或闭音节的公式不一定在单词的末尾,本质上应该在所在音节的末尾,比如evening['i:vniŋ]晚上,usually[ˈju:ʒuəli]通常,虽然都属于开音节但是不是在单词的末尾,而是在所在重读音节的末尾。4、元音字母在非重读音节的读音为:/ə/、/I/或不发音比如:2vegetable[‘vedʒitəbl]basket[’bɑ:skit]evening[‘i:vniŋ]5、所以综上所述:接触一个单词,首先看元音字母,看元音字母时,第一步分析是否是重读音节,第二步确定重读时是否是开音节还是闭音节,非重读时,按照非重读读音即可。字母组合发音规则:1)[i:]作为长元音在单词的词头、词中、词尾都出现的很普遍,记下它可是非常划算的一般来说,[i:]可拼读为:ee,ea,e,ie,ei,i,ey等,例:ee:see,sleep,tree,sheepea:team,mean,please,dream,weak,defeat,greate:he,she,me,we,eveningie:piece,relieve,belief,fieldei:receive,conceive,receiptey:key2)短元音[i]的运用就没有长元音[i:]那么广泛了,通常出现在特殊的条件组合下可拼读为:i,y,e,a,u,ai,ie,ay,ey等闭音节单词里的字母i:sit,it,is,did,ill,six,fix非重读的字母a:village,necklace,palace非重读的字母e:decide,delicious,business,refuse非重读的字母y:sorry,baby,very特殊发音的字母u:busy,business词末的ie:cookie非重读的ai:mountain,captain非重读的ay:Monday,Tuesday等ey有时也读成短元音:monkey,money3)[æ]就是传说中的梅花音了,美式英语里可能发音更夸张一点,接近[ʌ]相应搭配就是a:bag,and,ant,happy,man,ask,cat4)[e]的发音方式与[æ]类似,但嘴型略小相关字母有:ea,e,aea:head,swear,sweater,pleasuree:elephant,yes,leg,bell,unlessa:manyany5)元音[ɜ:]对应的字母有:ir,ur,ear,er,orir:girl,shirt,skirt,third,birdur:turn,murder,Thursday,surfear基本都发这个音:learn,earn,earth,重读的er:term,her,prefer,serveor在w后:work,word,world,worse,worth6)[ə]的相应拼写包括:er,or,o,a,e,ur,ure,ou,u词末的er基本都发这个音:teacher,under,father,after,supper3词末的or和非重读的or就发这个音:doctor,actor,forget非重读的o:together,tomorrow,pollution,collection非重读的a:about,away,banana(前后两个a),China非重读的e:student,different,even,happenur,ure,ou,u:Saturday,picture,famous,suppose7)[ɑ:]的拼写规律基本都跟字母a有关:ar,a,al,au,are,earar:car,farm,card,arm,marka:fast,glass,past,banana(中间的a)al的特殊发音:halfau也属特殊发音:laughare:areear:heart8)[ʌ]的发音字母包括:u,o,ou,oo闭音节单词的u:up,cup,bus,but,ducko在字母m,n,th前:come,mother,brother,none,wonderou:trouble,double,cousinoo的特殊发音:blood,flood9)[ɔ:]的发音字母有:al,ar,or,our,ough,oor,ore,au,awal:all,small,wall,talk,tall,walkar:warm,quarter,towardsau:daughter,autumn,pause,caughtor:short,for,store,boringoor:doorfloorour:four,your,courseough:bought,thought,coughore:before,more,scoreaw:draw,law10)[ɒ]的发音字母有:o,a,auo在闭音节单词中:John,lost,fox,office,rocka在w前或wh后:want,what,wash,watchau的特殊发音:because11)[u:]的发音字母有:oo,o,u,ouoo:too,zoo,food,tooth,cool,shooto:who,do,two,whose,lose,moveu在字母l前后:blue,full,fluu的特殊发音:June,true,polluteou:group,soup,through12)[ʊ]的拼写规则与长元音[u:]类似:oo,ou,u,o4oo:look,good,wood,foot,classroom,bedroom;ou:should,could,wouldu:put,push,sugar,pull;o:woman,wolf13)双元音[eɪ]的对应拼写有:a,ay,ai,ey,ei,eaa:name,cake,late,April,page,date重读的ay:play,say,away,day,tableai一般都发这个音:rain,paint,eight,mainland,rail,maidey:they,greyea:great,break14)[əʊ]的发音字母包括:o,ow,oao在开音节中、字母ld或st前:go,no,ago,piano,cold,old,hold,host,ghostow:know,yellow,below,show,bowl;oa:boat,coat,goat,float15)[aɪ]的拼写规则是:i,y,igh,ie,eii在开音节中、在nd前:hi,side,nice,find,kind,mind,blind重读的y:my,try,fly,by,why,sky字母组合igh几乎都发这个音:light,night,high,right,knight,bright16)[aʊ]的发音字母有:ou,owou:house,about,count,blouse,mouth,mountow:flower,now,cow,how,down17)[ɒɪ]发音字母:oy,oioy:boy,toy,enjoy,loyaloi:toilet,oil,noise,voice,coin18)[ɪə]的对应字母组合包括:eer,ear,ere,eaeer:beer,deer,pioneerear:near,dear,hear,fearere:hereea:idea,really,realize19)[eə]的发音字母有:ear,air,ere,eir,areear:pear,bear,tearair:chair,air,stairs,pairere:there,whereeir:their,theirs,heirare:care,dare,hare20)[ʊə]用的比较少,拼写规则也相对简单,包括ure和uaure:sureua:usually,February,January二、辅音辅音相对元音就简单多了,基本上音标啥样就对应一模一样的字母1.[p]对应字母p5pea,pig,map,please,pleasure,peace2.[t]对应字母ttwo,too,to,tell,pleasant,moment,event3.[k]对应k、c、ckc:come,cap,cat;k:bike,cake,kite,Kate;ck:black,duck,luck4.[f]对应f和phf:fish,foot,face,life,knife;ph:pamphlet,phone,physical5.[θ]和[ð]都对应th,凡是遇见这两个发音,先写下th总是没错的th:three,mouth,math,with,then,the6.[s]对应s和cs:snake,sing,speech,swearc在i,e,y前:city,cell,cyber,cycle,nice7.[ʃ]对应sh,ch和cish:ship,sheep,shop,she,shoe;ch的特殊发音:machine;ci:special,financial,8.[h]对应wh和hh:hence,house,horse,hairwh在字母o前:whose,who,whom,wholesale9.[ts]对应tsskirts,students,shirts,let’s10.[t∫]对应chChinses,China,peach,kitchen,teacher11.[tr]对应trtree,train,trousers,trip12.[b]对应bbee,big,bed,book,believe,boot13.