高级英语第四课 Everyday Use

Lesson4EverydayUse2AboutAliceWalkerandherworksAliceWalker(1944-),poet,novelistandessayist.oneofthemostprominentwritersinAmericanliteratureandamostforcefulrepresentativeofwomen’sliteratureandblackliterature.3AboutAliceWalkerShewasbornintoapoorruralfamilyinGeorgia,astheeighthchildofsharecropper交租耕种农parents.Shegrewupinthemidstofviolentracismandpovertywhichinfluenceherlaterwritings.WhenshewenttoSarahLawrenceCollegeinNewYorkonscholarshipsintheearly60’s,thecivilrightsmovementwasinfullswing.Shewasactivelyinvolvedinthemovement.Shegraduatedin1965,havingtheBA.4AboutAliceWalkerAfterherjunioryearatthecollege,shewonascholarshipasanexchangestudenttoUganda,andKenya.ThismostprobablyhelpedhertounderstandtheAfricanculture.Afterexperiencingthepoliticalmovementshebecameateacherofcreativewritingandblackliterature,lecturingatJacksonStateCollege,YaleanduniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley.5AboutAliceWalkerHerworks:TheThirdLifeofGrangeCopeland(1970);Meridian(1976);InLoveandTrouble:StoriesofBlackWomen(1973);TheTempleofMyFamiliar(1989);TheColorPurple(1982)6AboutAliceWalkerAthemethroughoutWalker'sworkisthepreservationofblackcultureor“heritage”,andherwomencharactersforgeimportantlinkstomaintaincontinuityinbothpersonalrelationshipsandcommunities.Walker‘swomencharactersdisplaystrength,endurance,andresourcefulness机敏inconfronting—andovercoming—oppression(racismandsexism)intheirlives.Blackwomenarecalledthe'muleoftheworld,'becausetheyhavebeenhandedtheburdensthateveryoneelserefusedtocarry---AliceWalkerI.Background1.AliceWalker’sEarlyLifeDateofBirth:February9,1944Birthplace:Eatonton,GeorgiaParents:WillieLeeandMinnieLouGrantWalker,whoweresharecroppersMarriage:MelLeventhal,aJewishCivilRightsactivist/lawyerChild:Rebeccabornin19692.Education:1961-1963Spelman,acollegeforblackwomeninAtlanta1963-1965BAfromSarahLawrenceCollegeinNewYork(oncetraveledtoAfricaasanexchangestudent)I.Background3.Career1983receivedthePulitzerPrizeforTheColorPurple(1982)1984startedherownpublishingcompany,WildTreesPress4.PointsofViewtheCivilRightsMovementtheWomen'sMovementtheAnti-apartheidMovementTheColorPurpleBasedonAliceWalkersPulitzerPrize-winningnovel,TheColorPurpleistherichlytextured不平的,decades-spanningstoryofCelie,anuneducatedwomanlivingintheruralAmericansouth.Forcedtomarryabrutalmanshecalls“Mr.,”CelieturnsinwardandshareshergriefonlywithGod.Butsheistransformedbythefriendshipoftworemarkablewomen,acquiringself-worth...andthestrengthtoforgive.ThefilmlaunchedtheHollywoodcareersofWhoopiGoldbergandOprahWinfreyandgleaned拾11OscarnominationsincludingBestPicture.II.DiscourseAnalysisElementsofNarrativeTime:unknownVenue:HomeCharacters:“I”,Maggie,Dee(Wangero)Asalamalakim,BigDee,GrandmaDeePlot:MaggieandIarereadytohaveDeebackTheRelationshipbetweenDeeandITheContrastbetweenDeeandMaggieTheClimax:Grandma’sQuiltsTheme:TheHeirloom–Quilts:DisplayVSEverydayUseII.DiscourseAnalysisStructurePara1–2:MaggieandIArewaitingforSomeoneImportantPara3–16:TheRelationshipamongDee,Maggieand“I”“I”:alarge,big-bonedwomanwithrough,man-workinghandsDee:“No”isawordtheworldneverlearnedtosaytoherMaggie:ahomely,weakandshygirlPara17–82MeetingwithDeePara17-20DeecamewithhernewboyfriendandnewnamePara21-43TheName:DeePara44-82TheArgumentonGrandma’sQuiltsSettingEverydayUse”issetinthelate‘60sorearly‘70s.ThiswasatimewhenAfrican-Americanswerestrugglingtodefinetheirpersonalidentitiesinculturalterms.Theterm“Negro”hadbeenrecentlyremovedfromthevocabulary,andhadbeenreplacedwith“Black.”Therewas“BlackPower,”“BlackNationalism,”and“BlackPride.”ManyblackswantedtorediscovertheirAfricanroots,andwerereadytorejectanddenytheirAmericanheritage,whichwasfilledwithstoriesofpainandinjustice.SettingIn“EverydayUse,”AliceWalkerarguesthatanAfrican-AmericanisbothAfricanandAmerican,andtodenytheAmericansideofone’sheritageisdisrespectfulofone’sancestorsand,consequently,harmfultoone’sself.SheusestheprincipalcharactersofMama,Dee(Wangero),andMaggietoclarifythistheme.PlotAtthefirst,motherandMaggiearepreparingofreceivingDee,theotherdaughteroftheheroine.AndfromthepreparationtheymadewecanseethattherelationshipbetweenMotherandDeeisalienated疏远的;therelationshipbetweenthetwosistersisunfriendlyandtense.Thentheauthormadesomedescriptionaboutthethreecharacters,especiallyaboutmotherandDee.ThenDeeandherboyfriend’scome,andshechangedhername,andthereissomeinformationaboutherboyfriend.AndatlastshepointoutthatshewantthequiltthatgrandmalefttoMaggieAtlastDeeleaveswithoutthequilt,andwhensheleavebothmotherandMaggiefeelrelieved.ThemeIn“EverydayUse”AliceWalkerrevealsaconflictbetweenamother,Mrs.Johnson,andhertwodaughters.TheauthoralsoshowsauniqueheritageofAfrican-Americans.ThecentralthemeofthestoryisthewayinwhichfamilymembersofthesameAfricanAmericanfamilyhonortheirheritage.PointofViewInthisshortstory,theauthorusesthefirstpersonpointofview.Heremotheristhestoryteller,andshemakesveryvividdescriptionofherselfandhertwodaughters,DeeandMaggie.CharacterizationMamaisanuneducated,yetpracticalcharacter.Mamalovesandrespectsherancestors,asisunderstoodinherdescriptionandtreatmen