George Eliot介绍

GeorgeEliot乔治·艾略特1819—1880MaryAnnEvans玛丽安·伊万斯GeorgeEliot(1819—1880)GeorgeEliotAnEnglishnovelistandoneoftheleadingwritersoftheVictorianera.Eliot'sbirthplaceatSouthFarm,ArburyEliot’slifeMaryAnnEvans,betterknownbyherpennameGeorgeEliot,wasborninChilversCoton,Warwickshire.Herfatherwasacarpenterwhorosetobealandagent.Whenshewasafewmonthsold,thefamilymovedtoGriff,a‘cheerfulred-brick,ivory-coveredhouse’,andthereEliotspent21yearsofherlifeamongpeoplethatshelaterdepictedinhernovels.Eliot’sLifeGeorgeEliotwaseducatedathomeandinseveralschools,anddevelopedastrongevangelicalpietyatMrs.Wallington’sSchoolatNeneaton.However,laterEliotrejectedherdogmaticfaith.Whenhermotherdiedin1836,shetookchargeofthefamilyhousehold.In1841,shemovedwithherfathertoCoventry,whereshelivedwithhimuntilhisdeathin1849.Eliot’sLifeDuringthistimeshemetCharlesBray,afree-thinkingCoventrymanufacturer.Hiswife,Caroline(Cara)wasthesisterofCharlesHennel,theauthorofaworkentitled.AnInquiryConcerningtheOriginofChristianity(1838).ThereadingofthisandotherrationalisticworksinfluenceddeeplyEliot’sthoughts.Afterherfather'sdeath,EliottravelledaroundEurope.ShesettledinLondonandtookupworkassubeditorofWestminsterReview.Eliot’sMajorWorks•1.Translation:•TheEssenceofChristianity《基督教的本质》•2.EditorofTheWestminsterReview《威斯敏斯特评论》Eliot’sMajorWorksThreestories:1)“TheSadFortunesoftheReverendAmosBarton”“阿莫斯·巴顿牧师的不幸遭遇”2)“Mr.Gilfil’sLoverStory”“吉尔菲尔先生的恋爱史”3)“Janet’sRepentance”“珍妮特的忏悔”3.ScenesofClericalLife《教区生活场景》1857Eliot’sMajorWorksRemarkableNovels:4.AdamBede《亚当·贝德》5.TheMillontheFloss《弗洛斯河上的磨房》6.SilasMarner《织工马南》descriptionofrurallife;moralproblems;psychologicalstudiesofcharactersEliot’sMajorWorks7.Romola《罗慕拉》1863ahistoricalnoveloftheRenaissanceinItalyproblemsofreligionandmoralitystudiedmorethan500booksanddocumentsinrelationtoart,antiquity(古人)andoldMSSmanuscriptsEliot’sMajorWorks8.FelixHolttheRadical，1866《费立可斯·霍尔特》9.Middlemarch，(1871—1872)《米德尔马契》10.DanielDeronda，1876《丹尼尔·德龙达》TheCharacteristicsofGeorgeEliot’sWorksEliotusedamalepenname,shesaid,toensurethatherworksweretakenseriously.Femaleauthorswerepublishedundertheirownnames,butEliotwantedtoensurethatshewasnotseenasmerelyawriterofromances.MostofherworkssetinprovincialEnglandandwellknownfortheirrealismandpsychologicalinsight.TheCharacteristicsofEliot’sWorksWritingatthelatterhalfofthe19thcenturyandcloselyfollowingthecriticalrealistwriters,GeorgeEliotwasworkingatsomethingnew.Byjoiningtheworldsofinwardpropensityandoutwardcircumstancesandshowingthembothoperatinginthelivesofhercharacters,sheinitiatesanewtypeofrealismandsetsintomotionavarietyofdevelopments,leadinginthedirectionofboththenaturalisticandpsychologicalnovel.TheCharacteristicsofEliot’sWorksAsawomanofexceptionalintelligenceandlifeexperience,GeorgeEliotshowsaparticularconcernforthedestinyofwomen,especiallythosewithgreatintelligence,potentialandsocialaspirations.Inhermind,thepathetictragedyofwomenliesintheirverybirth.Theirinferioreducationandlimitedsociallifedeterminethattheymustdependonmenforsustenanceandrealizationoftheirgoals,andtheyhaveonlytofulfillthedomesticduties.AdamBede亚当·贝德ThefirstnovelwrittenbyGeorgeEliotandwaspublishedin1859.Itwaspublishedpseudonymously,eventhoughEliot(whoserealnamewasMaryAnnEvans)wasawell-publishedandhighlyrespectedscholarofhertime.Thenovelhasremainedinprinteversince,andisusedinuniversitystudiesof19thcenturyEnglishliterature.PlotSummaryofAdamBedeThestory'splotfollowsfourcharacters’rurallivesinthefictionalcommunityofHayslope—arural,pastoralandclose-knitcommunityin1799.Thenovelrevolvesaroundalove“rectangle”betweenbeautifulbutthoughtlessHettySorrel;CaptainArthurDonnithorne,theyoungsquirewhoseducesher;AdamBede,Hetty’sunacknowledgedlover,andDinahMorris,Hetty'scousin,virtuousandbeautifulMethodistlaypreacher.PlotSummaryofAdamBedeAdamisalocalcarpenter,inlovewithHetty.Hettyisattractedtothelocalsquire'sgrandsonandfallsinlovewithhim.WhenAdaminterruptsatrystbetweenthem,AdamandArthurfight.ArthurleavesHaysloptoreturntohismilitia.Afterheleaves,Hettydiscoverssheispregnant.SheagreestomarryAdambutshortlybeforetheirmarriage,hassecondthoughtsandleavesinsearchofArthur.Shecannotfindhim;unwillingtoreturntothevillageandshameherfamily,shedeliversherbabyanonymously.Shekillsthechildbyabandoningitinafield,whereitdiesofexposure.PlotSummaryofAdamBedeSheiscaughtandtriedforchildmurder.Sheisfoundguiltyandsentencedtohang.WhenArthurDonnithorne,onleavefromthemilitiaforhisgrandfather'sfuneral,hearsofherimpendingexecution,heracestothecourtandhasthesentencecommutedtotransportation.Ultimately,AdamandDinah,whohasalwayslovedthecarpenter,marryandlivepeacefullywithhisfamily.MajorThemesHonorLoveNatureIndustryMotherhoodSacrificeFemaleidentityandautonomyCriticismofAdamBedeItgoesdeepintothedarkrecessesofhumannatureandsetsforthaphilosophyofconductandinexorableretributionforwrongdoing.SetinthecountrysideoftheEnglishMidlandsatthestartofthe19thcenturyitrelatesastoryofseduction,crime,remorseandsuffering.CriticismofAdamBedeTheimportanceoftheLyricalBalladstothewayAdamBedeiswr