西方翻译流派简述

PlacingTranslationinaHistoricalFramework---TranslationStudy:ABriefSurveyOnwesternschools西方翻译流派简述(欧美)Discussions翻译研究的市场与学术空间即将深入的西方译论研究为中国译学建设提供方法论与研究范式（paradigm）PrefaceWhatisTranslationStudies?Thefieldofstudydevotedtodescribing,analyzingandtheorizingtheprocesses,contextsandproductsoftheactfortranslationaswellasthe(rolesofthe)agentsinvolved.--------Williams&Chesterman,2002.1972,哥本哈根，文学与翻译论坛Holmes:PureTranslationStudiestheoreticaltranslationstudiesdescriptivetranslationstudiesAppliedtranslationStudies2005,上外,翻译学博士开始招生美国翻译研究班WhatisTranslationStudies?empirical(pre-linguistic)(macroscopic)1957,ChomskyScientificStudiesSyntacticapproachtranslation(microscopic)Semanticapproach(linguistic)PragmaticapproachstudiesCulturalturnin1980sDescriptivestudiesdiscourseanalysis(macroscopic)Cognitivepsychology(post-linguistic)Culturalstudies（林克难）TheHistoryofTranslationStudiesGeorgeSteiner:1.Cicero,Horace----1791,Tytler,EssayonthePrinciplesofTranslation:immediateempiricalfocus;2.------1946,PublicationofLarbaud’ssousL’invocationdeSaintJerome:avocabularyandmethodologyofapproachingperiod;3.1940s,thefirstpapersonmachinetranslation------today:theintroductionofstructurallinguisticsandcommunicationtheoryintothestudyoftranslation;4.Early1960s------today:areversiontohermeneutic,almostmetaphysicalinquiriesintotranslationandinterpretation.------Steiner(1975/1990),P236OtherWayofClassification:SusanBassnett:1.Historyoftranslation:acomponentpartofliteraryhistory;2.TranslationintheTLculture;3.Translationandlinguistics4.Translationandpoetics------Bassnett(1980/2004),P16-17otherWayofClassification:谭载喜：1）发轫于公元前四世纪的肇始阶段；2）罗马帝国的后期至中世纪；3）中世纪时期；4）文艺复兴时期；5）近代翻译时期，即十七世纪至二十世纪上半叶；6）第二次世界大战以后至今。Gentzler：1.TheNorthAmericanworkshop2.TheScienceoftranslation3.Earlytranslationstudies4.Polysystemtheory5.deconstructionotherWayofClassification:SchoolsandTheirLeadingTheorists1.EmpiricalApproach---Bassnett(1980/2004)chapterIIEquivalence-orientatedwesterntranslationstudies古罗马时期Cicero:IfIrenderwordforword,theresultwillsounduncouth,andifcompelledbynecessityIalteranythingintheorderorwording,Ishallseemtohavedepartedfromthefunctionofatranslator.Horace:---norshouldyoutrytorenderyouroriginalwordforwordlikeaslavishtranslatorSaintJeromehadalwaysaimedattranslatingsense,notwords.Comments:distinctionbetweenwordforwordandsenseforsensetranslationAstressontheaestheticcriteriaoftheTLproductBibleTranslationAD384----17thcentury:apersecutionofbibletranslatorsSaintJeromecontentiousversionofNewtestament:AD.384WycliffiteBible:ThefirstCompleteversionLollards1380-1384DominionbygraceComments:aimatintelligible,idiomaticversionWilliamTyndale’sNewTestamentfromGreek:1525intendedtoofferasclearaversionaspossibletothelaymanPublicburningofhisversionburnedatthestakein153616thcentury,RenaissanceBibletranslators:fluidityandintelligibility:Vernacularglosses圣经是怎样写成的（英）康诺利,世界知识出版社.2004EarlyTheorists:FrenchHumanistDoletFiveprinciplesfortranslatorsStressunderstandingtheSLtextasaprimaryrequisiteTherenaissance:Attimesthefigureofthetranslatorappearsalmostasarevolutionaryactivistratherthantheservantofanoriginalauthorsortext.The17thCen.:DrydenandPope:closereadingoftheoriginaltonotethedetailsofstyleandmannerwhilstendeavoringtokeepalivethefireofthepoem.18thcen.:TytlerRomanticism,postromanticism,theVictorians,archaizing,20thCen.EzraPound:Imagisttranslation-----Preciserenderingofdetails,ofindividualwords,andofsingleorevenfragmentedimages.TheoryofLuminousdetailsGentzler(2001:15)门前迟行迹,一一生绿苔。苔深不能扫，落叶秋风早。Youdraggedyourfeetwhenyouwentout.Bythegatenow,themossisgrown,thedifferentmosses,Toodeeptoclearthemaway!2.Scientificorlinguisticapproach:Outdated?2.1.Nida:SyntaxintoTranslationStudiesMajorWorks:TowardaScienceofTranslating.Leiden:Brill,1964.EugeneNida&CharlesTaber.TheTheoryandPracticeofTranslation.Leiden,theNetherlands,1969.Nida,E.A.Language,Culture,andTranslatingShanghaiForeignLanguageEducationPress,1993JinTiandEugeneNida:OnTranslation中国对外翻译出版公司1984.谭载喜，《奈达论翻译》，《新编奈达论翻译》中国对外翻译出版公司马会娟，1.DifinitionTranslationconsistsinreproducinginthereceptorlanguagetheclosestnaturalequivalentofthesourcelanguagemessage------firstintermsofmeaning,secondintermsofstyle.------NidaandTaber,19692.Dynamicequivalence:theintroductionofthereaders’Response------anewevaluationmechanismThetraditionalandnewwaytojudgetranslationsSM1R1M2R2SRRSASourceLanguageBReceptorLanguage3.Near-KernalsentencesinEnglish:back-transformationE.G.Thewillofgod:godwillsThecreationoftheworld:(godcreatestheworld)4.Messagechannel:MessagechannelCommentsBibleintranslationtheoriesScience-orientedorpractice-orientedPopularityin1980sinChinaTranslationForumReasonsbehind:DescriptiveNatureAuthorityvacancy2.2.SemanticApproach:Catford1.Works:Catford,J.C.ALinguisticTheoryofTranslation,Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,1965.------Catford(1965)2.Substance-orientedtranslationtheoryTranslation:phonological:phonicsubstancegraphological:graphicsubstanceGrammaticalTranslation:grammar-substanceLexicaltranslation:Lexis-substance3.Discussions:NoBill.----