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定语从句GrammarUnit5NelsonMandela—amodernhero定义:•定语从句是起定语作用,修饰名词或代词的从句。被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。定语从句一般位于先行词后。定语从句往往用关系副词和关系代词引导，关系词在定语从句中担任某种成分。1.Ishethemanwho(that)wantstoseeyou?2.Thenumberofpeoplewho(that)werekilledorinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.3.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewho(that)weretrappedandtoburythedead.4.Heisthemanwhom(that/who)Isawyesterday.1.Yourspeechwasheardbyagroupoffivejudges,allofwhomagreedthatitwasthebestonethisyear.2.Ahugecrackthat(which)waseightkilometerslongandthirtymeterswidecutacrosshouses,roadsandcanal.3.Doyoulikethebookthat(which)youborrowedyesterday?4.Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.5.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.Usages关系代词先行词主语宾语定语人whothat(whom)(who)(that)whose物whichthat(which)(that)Whose=ofwhich指人做主语，who与that的区别一般情况都可以互换，但在下列情况下A.只用who不用that1.当先行词是those,she,hethey,one(s),anyone等代词时。2.一个从句中有两个定语从句，其中一个是that，另一个用who。3.当先行词有较长的定语时，用who。4.主句以therebe引导B.只用that不用who1.先行词是who，或who引导的主句。2.先行词在定语从句中做表语e.g.Sheisn’tthegirlthatshewas10yearsago.指人做主语，who与that的区别指物做主语，which和that的区别一般情况都可以互换，但在下列情况下A.只用that不用which1.先行词是形容词最高级，或被最高级修饰时2.先行词是序数词，或被序数词修饰时3.主句已有疑问词which时4.先行词既有人又有物时5.先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等代词时6.先行词被only,any,few,little,no,all,oneof,thesame,thevery等修饰时7.有两个定语从句，其中一个用which,另一个用that指物做主语，which和that的区别B.只用which不用that1.非限制性定语从句2.限制性定语从句（1）关系词前有介词（2）如果有两个定语从句，其中一个用that，另一个用which做宾语时，往往可以省略•但是做介词的宾语，且介词提前，•即结构是“介词+关系代词”时•指物只能用which，指人只能用whom1.MandelawastheblacklawyertowhomIwentforadvice.2.Hewasgenerouswithhistime,forwhichIwasgrateful.3.Thepartsoftowninwhichtheyhadtoliveweredecidedbywhitepeople.定语从句的辨认与使用思考步骤：（1）找出先行词a.确定关系代词的人称、数和性b.确定从句位置（一般在先行词之后）（2）确定关系代词在从句中所担任的成（3）确定从句时态引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where与whywhen表示时间,其先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如day,hour,year,date等)。where表示地点，其先行词往往是地点名词（如place,house,street,area等)。why表示原因，常用在先行词reason后。关系副词在定语从句中做状语1.ThetimewhenIfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.2.TheschoolwhereIstudiedforonlytwoyearswasthreekilometresaway.3.ThiswasatimewhenonehadgottohaveapassbooktoliveinJohannesburg.4.ThedaywhenNelsonMandelahelpedmewasoneofmyhappiest.5.Wehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.是不是见先行词是表时间------when先行词是表地点-----where先行词是reason------why1.Thereason_____shegivesfornotcomingtothepartyisthathermotherwon’tlether.A.whyB.which2.Isthatthehouse____youboughtlastyear?A.whereB.which填空：1.Lookatthatlady______nameisPochi.2.Heisateacher_________Ilikeverymuch.3.Thosepictures_________weredrawnbyTomarenice.4.Those_____willgototheparkstayhere.5.Thatwasallthemoney______Ihad.whosewhom/thatwhich/thatwhothat6.Tomisthefirstboy_______lefttheroom.7.Lookattheboyandhisdog_____arecomingthisway.8.Youcanreadanybook_____Ihave.9.Thatwastheyear_____IwenttoAmerica.10.wecametothetown,______westayedfor2hours.who/thatthatthatwhenwhere基础练习1.Isthatthehouse____youboughtlastyear?A.whereB.which2.Isthatthepicture___youarelaughingat?A.whichB.where3.Itisthemostinterestingbook___I’lleverread.A.whichB.thatBBA4.Thestreet______istotheparkisverynarrow.A.whereB.which5.Theperson___findsmywatchwillgetareward.A.whoB.when6.Thisistheroom__welistenedtothelecture.A.whichB.whereBAB7.Theboy___motherisillcannotcometotheparty.A.whoB.whose8.Tellmethereason___youarelate.A.whichB.whyBB1.Theman____Isawtoldmetowait.2.Themanto_____Ispokewasaforeigner.3.Iknowaboy______fatherisanacrobat.(杂技演员)4.Hesawahouse_____windowswereallbroken.Fillintheblankswithwho,whom,whose,whichandthat.whowhomwhosewhose5.Alltheapples____fallareeatenbywildboars.6.Canyouthinkofanyone____couldlookafterhim?7.Thisisthebesthotel____Iknow.8.Heshowedamachine_____partsaretoosmalltobeseen.thatthatthatwhich1.Thisisall____Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanythingelse_____youwant?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_____wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.itChoosethebestanswers:4.Pleasetakethesecondchair_______isoverthere.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.that5.Isoxygentheonlygas__helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it6.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything_____hehadstolentothepolice（NMET98’)A.whichB.whatC.whateverD.that7.Alloftheflowersnowraisedherehavedevelopedfromthose____intheforest.A.oncethegrewB.theygrewonceC.thatoncegrewD.oncegrew.8.Idon’tlike____youspeaktoher.A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich9.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,____wasmorethanweexpected.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows;mostof____hadn’tbeencleanedfortenyears.A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.which