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拓展Members：ABCDEFGHIJKLTheForbiddenCity—GloriousandAwe-inspiring[1]TheForbiddenCity,alsoknownasthePalaceMuseum,iswhere24emperorsofMingandQingdynastiesruledChinafromthe15thcenturytotheearly20thcentury.ItisthemostsplendidpalacecomplexinBeijingandoneofthebestpreservedofitskindintheworld.Itsawe–inspiringarchitectureandhugevarietyofcollectionsstandaslivingevidencetotherichhistoricalessenceofthiscountry.紫禁城，又称故宫博物院，是15世纪至20世纪初共24位明朝和清朝皇帝统治中国的地方。它是北京最壮丽的宫殿建筑群，也是世界上保存得最好的宫殿之一。它令人敬畏的建筑和丰富多样的藏书是这个国家丰富的历史精髓的活生生的证据。ConceledContoursofaDragon(暗藏龙形)[2]WhenEmperorYongledecidedtomakeBeijinghiscapital,healsodecidedtofollowthedesignofthecentralaxisofDadu-thenameforBeijingwhenitservedasthecapitaloftheYuanDynasty(1206-1368).Ofcourse,theMingemperorhadalsocommissionedalarge-scaleredesignoftheoverallstructureofthisnewcapital.Ittooknearlyonemillionpeoplemanydecadestocompleteconstructionofthemagnificentimperialcity.当永乐皇帝决定把北京作为都城时，他还决定遵循大都的中轴线设计--即北京作为元代都城时的名字(1206-1368)。当然，永乐皇帝还委命对都城的总体结构进行大规模的重新设计。这座宏伟的帝都耗费了近百万人数十年的时间才得以建成。[3]TheMingcapitalwasbuiltalonganeight-kilometer-longaxisrunningsouthtonorth.Buildingsandlandscapeswerelaidoutoneithersideoftheaxis.Theoveralldesignfeaturesymmetrybetweenleftandright,alongtheaxis,givingthecityauniquesublimeorder.明代都城建于一条由南向北的长8公里的轴线上。建筑物和景观被布置在中轴线两侧。整体设计特点为沿轴线左右对称，赋予城市一个独特而宏伟的秩序感。[4]TheaxisstartsfromtheGateofEternalStabilityinthesouth.OntheeastsideoftheaxissandstheTempleofHeavenandonthewestistheTemplefortheDivineCultivator,thetwobeinginapproximatesymmetry.AssitesforofferingsacrificestoHeavenandtheDivineCultivator,thetwostructurestrulydeservethestatusofbeingthestartingpointsofthecityʹsaxis.Originally,astraightboulevardledtothegrandFrontGate.AhugestonearchwayandalargestonebridgeusedtostandnorthoftheFrontGate,whichrepresentedthefirstriseoftheaxissouthofthecity.FurthernorthstoodtheChinaGate,Whichwasdemolishedin1959tomakewayforTianʹanmenSquare.中轴线南端从永定门开始。中轴线的东侧有天坛，西侧有先农坛，两者大致对称。作为祭祀上天和祭祀先农的场所，这两个建筑确实应该成为城市轴心的起点。最初，一条林荫大道直通正阳门。一座巨大的石拱门和一座巨大的石桥矗立在正阳门以北，代表着城南中轴线的第一次抬升。再往北是中华门，为了建造天安门广场，它于1959被拆除。中华门[5]LocatedtothenorthofthesquareistheGateofHeavenlyPeace.DuringtheMingitwascalledGateforReceivingHeavenlyFavor.TotheeastofTian'anmenistheImperialFamilyShrine(wheretheemperorwouldpayhomagetohisancestors),andtoitswest,theImperialStateShrine(honoringthegodsoflandandgrain).Today,theformerisknownastheWorkingPeople'sCulturalPalace,andthelatterhasbecomeSunYat-senPark.PlacingthetwotemplesonanequalfootinghasagreatdealtodowithChina'shistoryasanagrariansociety.ThroughtheGateofUprightnessandthentheMeridianGate,thecentralaxispassesintotheForbiddenCity,andextendsallthewaytoitsnortherngate,GateofDivineMight.TothenorthoftheGateofDivineMightisProspectHill,whichprovidesabackdropfortheForbiddenCity.Thecentralpeakofthehill,gracedbyapavilion,isdirectlyabovethecentralaxis.FurthernorthtoProspectHillistheGateofEarthlyPeace.Fromtherea位于广场北面的是天安门。在明朝，它被称为“天国之门”。到天安门东是太庙（皇帝在此地祭拜他的祖先），在它的西边，是社稷坛（用于祭拜土地和谷物的神灵）。今天，前者被称为劳动人民文化宫，而后者已成为孙中山公园。将两寺平起平坐跟中国农耕社会的历史沿袭有着很大的关系。通过正气门和午门，中央轴线进入紫禁城，一直延伸到它的北门，神武门。在神武门的北面是景山，它为紫禁城提供了一个背景。寺庙簇拥着的中央峰蓬荜生辉，直接坐落于在中心轴上。景山以北再远一点的地方，是地安门。straightboulevardleadstotheDrumTowerandtheBellTower,whichmarkthenorthernendofthecentralaxisofancientBeijing.从那里一条笔直的大道通向鼓楼和钟楼，标志着古北京中轴的北端。theMeridianGate（午门）GateofDivineMight（神武门）[6]TheForbiddenCity,coveringanareaof720,000squaremeters,consistsoftheOuterCourt(southernpart)andtheInnerCourt(northernpart).TheOuterCourtiswheretheemperorranstateaffairs,andtheInnerCourtiswheretheimperialfamilylived.ThemainstructuresoftheOuterCourtaretheHallofSupremeHarmony,theHallofCentralHarmonyandtheHallforpreservingHarmony.TheHallofHarmonyislocatedintheverycenteroftheForbiddenCity.TotheeastofthethreemainhallsistheHallofLiteraryGloryandtotheirweststandstheHallofMilitaryEminence,forcivilandmilitaryadministrationrespectively.ThemainstructuresoftheInnerCourtaretheHallofHeavenlyPurity,theHallofUnionandPeace,andtheHallofEarthlyTranquility.OneithersideofthesehallsaretheEasternSixPalacesandtheWesternSixPalaces,livingquartersfortheimperialconcubines.Thereareover8,000hallsandroomsintheForbiddenCity,alllaidoutinaprecisemanneralongthecentralaxisortoitssides.紫禁城面积720000平方米，由外庭（南部）和内庭（北部）组成。外庭是皇帝治国的地方，内庭是皇室生活的地方。外庭的主要建筑是太和殿、中和殿和保和殿。颐和轩位于紫禁城的中心。在三个大殿的东面是文华殿，而西面为武英殿，分别为民政和军事管理部门。内庭的主要建筑是乾清宫、交泰宫、坤宁宫。这些宫殿的两边是六座东宫和六座西宫，用于供妃子生活。紫禁城有8000多个宫殿和房间，都是沿着中心轴线或两侧规整排列的。[7]ThecentralaxisthatrunsfromthesouthtothenorthofBeijingresemblestheundulatingcontoursofadragon.Thebuildingsalongthecentrallineandoneithersideofitvaryindesignandrhythm.Oftheeight-kilometer-longaxis,thesectionfromtheGateofEternalStabilitytotheFrontGaterepresentsitsgentlebeginnings,whilethesectionfromtheFrontGatethroughtheForbiddenCitytoProspectHillisthepeak,andthesectionfromProspectHilltotheDrumandBellTowersconcludesit.AppreciatingOldBeijingisthuslikeappreciatingthethreestagesofamusicalmovement.从北京南到北的中心轴线类似于一条龙的波状轮廓。中央线和两边的建筑物在设计和节奏上各不相同。在八公里长的轴线上，从永定门到正阳门的部分代表了它的平缓开端，而从正阳门通过紫禁城到展望山的那一段是山顶，从前景山到鼓楼和钟楼的那一段就结束了。欣赏古北京就如同欣赏音乐运动的三个阶段一样。TheColorsoftheForbiddenCity(紫禁城的色彩)[8